Cancer is one of the top reasons for physical, emotional, and financial trauma faced by a significant share of the world population. As cancer has become one of the main reasons for death among people, there have been a lot of studies and clinical research to identify the factors that can increase the risk of cancer among people. These risks are classified into lifestyle-based risks (can be controlled and managed without medical intervention) and non-lifestyle-related and genetic risks (cannot be controlled or require medical intervention). The domain of preventive oncology addresses both these categories.

For lifestyle-related risk factors, our doctors provide counselling to raise awareness and encourage preventive screenings. Our oncology experts also consider preventive screenings and vaccinations for genetic and non-lifestyle-based risk factors.

Some of the lifestyle-related factors that can be controlled to prevent the onset of cancer are:

Tobacco consumption

Tobacco consumption and smoking are linked to multiple types of cancers - oesophagus, lung, oral cavity and pharynx, stomach, colon and rectum, larynx, pancreas, bladder, liver, cervix, kidney, and acute myeloid leukaemia (AML). Cigarette smoking or tobacco chewing releases harmful chemicals in the body. These chemicals damage the DNA of the cells. Without the DNA to define the growth, cells multiply uncontrollably, causing cancer tumours.

Alcohol consumption

Excessive consumption of alcohol is also linked to an increased risk of cancer. The chemicals in alcohol can also damage the DNA of the cells. Additionally, it can lead to hormonal imbalance, abnormal cell growth and a weak immune system.

Dietary factors

Dietary factors play a major role in the prevention of some cancers, such as prostate, colorectal and gall bladder cancers. Food items that are loaded with carcinogens, such as nitrates, pesticides and dioxins, put you at a higher risk of cancer. Heavy consumption of red meat, without a supplementary intake of vegetables, is linked to several types of cancer as well. Food choices that cause obesity, insulin resistance or inflammation are also considered harmful and can lead to the growth of cancerous cells.

Radiation

Exposure to ionising and non-ionising radiation, along with an individual’s genetic susceptibility towards radiation, are also linked to an increased risk of cancer. You get exposed to ionising radiation through X-rays and CT scans. Exposure to non-ionising radiation through the sun's UV rays is a significant factor for skin-related cancer.

Environmental concerns

Prolonged exposure to polluted water, air or food is also linked to a higher risk of cancer.

Levels of Cancer Prevention

Preventive oncology involves three levels to prevent, identify and manage cancer-related risks.

Primary prevention: This level focuses on identifying potential risk factors that can lead to the development of cancer cells in your body. These factors differ for every individual. Our oncologists will consider your family history, daily routine, food habits and environment to define the course for primary prevention.

Secondary prevention involves methods and procedures to identify the onset of cancer before the symptoms are clinically noticeable. It aims to reverse or restrict the spread of cancer cells.

Tertiary prevention: Once the medical team has diagnosed cancer clinically, tertiary prevention focuses on managing the complications associated with the type of cancer. The goal is to prevent its progression to other organs.

Preventive Oncology