Question 1

What is fever?

Accepted Answer

It's a temperature above 100F or 37.8C, signalling an underlying illness.

Question 2

What are the common causes of poor appetite in children?

Accepted Answer

Poor appetite in children can be caused by various factors, including illness (such as infections or chronic conditions), emotional stress, changes in routine, picky eating habits, and nutritional deficiencies. It's important to identify the underlying cause to address the issue effectively.

Question 3

Q. What are the risks and complications of the Ross procedure?

Accepted Answer

A. Like any surgery, the Ross Procedure carries risks such as infection, bleeding, and valve dysfunction. After many years, some patients may need follow-up surgeries to replace the pulmonary valve.

Question 4

Q. How long does the Ross procedure last before another surgery is required?

Accepted Answer

A. The pulmonary valve used in the Ross Procedure typically lasts for many years, although its lifespan can vary. As the patient ages, the valve may eventually need to be replaced.

Question 5

How to confirm fever?

Accepted Answer

Use a thermometer; don't rely solely on touch.

Question 6

Are there any dietary supplements that can help improve my child's appetite?

Accepted Answer

Dietary supplements, such as vitamins and minerals, may help if a child has a deficiency that contributes to their poor appetite. However, consulting with a pediatrician before giving any supplements is essential to ensure they are safe and appropriate for your child's specific needs.

Question 7

When should I be concerned about my child's poor appetite?

Accepted Answer

You should be concerned if your child's poor appetite is accompanied by significant weight loss, lack of energy, persistent vomiting or diarrhea, developmental delays, or if it lasts for an extended period. In such cases, it's essential to consult a pediatrician to rule out any serious health issues.

Question 8

When not to worry?

Accepted Answer

While high fevers can cause discomfort, observe your child's behaviour for reassurance. Easing fever- Remove excess clothing, ensure ventilation, and administer appropriate medication.

Question 9

How can I encourage my child to eat more?

Accepted Answer

Encouraging a child to eat more can involve creating a positive mealtime environment, offering a variety of healthy and appealing foods, involving the child in meal preparation, setting regular meal and snack times, and avoiding pressure or force-feeding. Making mealtimes enjoyable and stress-free can help improve their appetite.

Question 10

Q. What is the cost of the Ross procedure?

Accepted Answer

A. The cost of the Ross Procedure can vary based on factors like the hospital stay, surgeon expertise, and location. While it may be more expensive than other heart valve surgeries, it offers significant long-term benefits.

Question 11

When to seek medical help?

Accepted Answer

Persistent high fever, lack of response to medication, and concerning symptoms warrant prompt attention.

Question 12

What role does physical activity play in a child's appetite?

Accepted Answer

Physical activity can positively impact a child's appetite by increasing energy expenditure and stimulating hunger. Encouraging regular play and physical activities suitable for their age can help boost their appetite and overall well-being.

Question 13

Is there any specific age group for seizures?

Accepted Answer

Seizures can occur at any age, from newborn to adulthood. However, the type and cause may vary depending on the age group.

Question 14

Q. Who is the ideal patient for the Ross procedure?

Accepted Answer

A. The ideal candidate for the Ross Procedure is someone with a healthy pulmonary valve that can replace the damaged aortic valve. Your doctor will assess your overall health to determine if the Ross Procedure is the right option for you.

Question 15

How do I know if my child is having a seizure?

Accepted Answer

Any abnormal body movements, stiffness, twitching, jerking, or momentary unresponsiveness may indicate a seizure or seizure-like event. Differentiating between the two can sometimes be challenging.

Question 16

What should I do when my child is having a seizure?

Accepted Answer

Ensure the child's breathing is not affected. If the child vomits, turn them to one side to prevent choking. Some children with known seizures may have a nasal spray handy to help abort the seizure if administered promptly.

Question 17

When should I go to the ER?

Accepted Answer

In almost any case of seizure or seizure-like event, it's best to rush the child to the ER as soon as possible to avoid complications.

Dehydration Due to Vomiting or Diarrhoea- Dehydration resulting from vomiting or diarrhoea occurs when the body loses fluids and essential electrolytes faster than they can be replaced. Symptoms may include thirst, dry mouth, decreased urination, and fatigue. Rehydration with oral rehydration solutions or intravenous fluids may be necessary to restore fluid balance and prevent complications.

Question 18

When should I be concerned if my child has vomiting or loose stools?

Accepted Answer

Pay attention if there are frequent episodes or large quantities of either, especially if stools are watery. Look for signs like high fever, reduced oral intake, decreased urine, lethargy, or significant activity reduction.

Question 19

What can I do at home?

Accepted Answer

Monitor your child's intake and output (urine/stool/vomit). If output exceeds intake, replace fluids with a normal diet, including home-cooked meals and adequate liquid intake such as water, ORS, or homemade lemon water (avoid fruit juices). Watch for signs of lethargy or inability to retain food or liquid orally, which may require an ER visit.

Question 20

What can I do at home?

Accepted Answer

Monitor your child's intake and output (urine/stool/vomit). If output exceeds intake, replace fluids with a normal diet, including home-cooked meals and adequate liquid intake such as water, ORS, or homemade lemon water (avoid fruit juices). Watch for signs of lethargy or inability to retain food or liquid orally, which may require an ER visit.

Head Injury. Head injuries occur when external force impacts the skull, potentially causing damage to the brain tissue. Symptoms range from mild, such as headache or nausea, to severe, including loss of consciousness or memory impairment. Prompt medical evaluation is crucial to assess the extent of injury and prevent complications. Commonly observed in younger children or infants, head injuries are frequent occurrences, often minor, during the first decade of life. However, some cases may require special attention. Injuries can happen in various scenarios, such as falls or accidents during play. Prevention is key.

Question 21

What are the warning signs of a severe head injury?

Accepted Answer

Look for bleeding, repeated vomiting, behaviour changes, loss of consciousness, seizures, lethargy, and extreme irritability in infants. Any of these signs warrants an immediate ER visit. Never disregard them; consult a doctor or visit the ER promptly after injury.
Breathlessness. Breathlessness, or dyspnea, is the sensation of difficulty breathing. It may result from various conditions like asthma, pneumonia, or heart failure. Symptoms include rapid breathing, chest tightness, and wheezing. Prompt medical attention is essential, especially if accompanied by severe chest pain, fainting, or bluish discolouration of lips or nails.

Question 22

What are the warning signs indicating breathlessness in a child?

Accepted Answer

In young children who can't articulate their discomfort, watch for increased effort in breathing—flared nostrils, abdominal movements, or chest retractions. Other signs include difficulty speaking, bluish lips or fingertips, and noisy breathing. If unsure of the cause, seek immediate medical attention to prevent worsening symptoms.

Paediatric Medicine