Question 1

Q. What is robotic surgery for CABG, and how is it different from traditional CABG?

Accepted Answer

A. Robotic surgery for CABG uses robotic arms to assist in performing the coronary artery bypass procedure with greater precision and smaller incisions compared to traditional open-heart surgery.

Question 2

What exactly is inflammation?

Accepted Answer

An enlarging, reddening, and hurting wound could indicate inflammation. In general, inflammation results from the body's immune system reacting to an irritant.

Question 3

Who is at most risk for calcium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

People who are lactose intolerant, women post-menopause, and people who have malabsorption disorders are at the highest risk.

Question 4

What is Vitamin B1 (Thiamine), and why is it important?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin B1, or thiamine, is a water-soluble vitamin crucial in converting food into energy. It is essential for the proper functioning of the nervous system and is involved in the metabolism of carbohydrates.

Question 5

What is vitamin E deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin E deficiency is a condition that arises when the body lacks a sufficient amount of vitamin E, a crucial fat-soluble nutrient. This deficiency can lead to various health issues due to vitamin E's vital role in cellular and tissue health.

Question 6

What is Vitamin C deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Vitamin C deficiency, also known as scurvy, is a condition that occurs when a person doesn't get enough Vitamin C in their diet. Vitamin C is crucial for collagen production, wound healing, and immune function.

Question 7

What are the four extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS)?

Accepted Answer

The four extrapyramidal symptoms (EPS) include dystonia (sustained muscle contractions causing abnormal postures), akathisia (restlessness and an inability to sit still), parkinsonism (tremors, rigidity, and bradykinesia), and tardive dyskinesia (involuntary, repetitive movements, often involving the face and tongue). These can result from certain medications or neurological disorders.

Question 8

Can zinc deficiency be prevented?

Accepted Answer

Maintaining a balanced diet that includes zinc-rich foods is key to preventing deficiency. Additionally, individuals with conditions that may affect zinc absorption should work closely with their healthcare providers to monitor their levels and take appropriate steps to maintain optimal zinc status.

Question 9

What is the absolute range of basophils?

Accepted Answer

A healthy adult's absolute range of basophils is about zero to 300 basophils per microliter of blood, which is 0.5% to 1% of the total white blood cell count.

Question 10

How may one identify an iodine deficiency?

Accepted Answer

In case of an enlarged thyroid gland or goitre, your healthcare professional can identify iodine deficiency visually. They could prescribe imaging procedures such as a thyroid scan or ultrasound to measure and check for anomalies in your thyroid gland. Your physician may also prescribe a blood test for thyroid function. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) levels that are either high or low may suggest an iodine deficiency. A blood test is performed on every baby to check for hypothyroidism.

Question 11

How many people are affected by blindness?

Accepted Answer

About 350 million people worldwide are affected by some form of visual impairment, which means they cannot see either wholly or partially. Fifty million of these are completely blind; they cannot tell light from dark. A high percentage of blindness occurs in people who are 50 years old or older. However, in developing nations, blindness can occur at a lower age due to inadequate medical care, which means the inability to get the proper treatment on time.

Question 12

What is Cyanosis?

Accepted Answer

Cyanosis is generally a medical condition characterised by a tint to the skin, which indicates that the body is not receiving enough oxygen-rich blood.

Question 13

What does BLS stand for in medical emergencies?

Accepted Answer

BLS stands for Basic Life Support, which includes CPR, rescue breathing, and AED to help a person survive until advanced care arrives.

Question 14

Why do adults need vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Adults need vaccines to boost waning immunity, protect against new infections, and prevent complications from vaccine-preventable diseases like flu, shingles, or pneumonia.

Question 15

What is the normal range for WBC in a blood test?

Accepted Answer

The normal WBC count is typically between 4,000 and 11,000 cells per microliter. Values above this range may indicate infection or inflammation.

Question 16

What is the first sign of hearing loss?

Accepted Answer

Most patients with hearing loss initially complain that they are mumbling or speaking too quickly. Hearing loss is often accompanied by Tinnitus (Ringing of the Year). A buildup of cerumen, medication, exposure to loud sounds, and deafness will all cause ringing within the ears or similar symptoms. The ringing could be constant or occasional; however, it's typically the primary sign of deafness.

Question 17

How do I help a family member with diabetes?

Accepted Answer

 In many cases, diet and lifestyle support are the best ways to help a loved one with diabetes. Following a diet and exercise regimen along with the patient may ensure ease of keeping up with the regimen. Ensuring that medication times are adhered to can also be very helpful.

Question 18

What is mental exhaustion?

Accepted Answer

Mental exhaustion is a state of feeling drained, not just physically but emotionally and mentally. It results from prolonged stress and can affect your ability to function effectively.

Question 19

How quickly will I feel relief after a shoulder steroid injection?

Accepted Answer

Relief can begin within a few days, though for some, it may take up to a week for full effect.

Question 20

What triggers the release of cortisol?

Accepted Answer

Cortisol release is triggered by stress, whether physical or emotional. It’s part of the body’s “fight-or-flight” response, preparing you to deal with challenging situations.

Question 21

What are the common types of colds?

Accepted Answer

The common cold can be caused by various viruses, with rhinoviruses being the most common. Other culprits include coronaviruses and adenoviruses.

Question 22

What are diabetic foot problems?

Accepted Answer

Diabetic foot problems refer to a range of complications that can arise in the feet of individuals with diabetes. These complications often stem from nerve damage (neuropathy) and poor blood circulation (peripheral vascular disease) associated with diabetes.

Question 23

How long does Margarita Burns last?

Accepted Answer

Margarita burns often develop as a rash within 24 hours of exposure. A day or two later, the rash may develop into a cluster of painful blisters at the site of contact.

Question 24

Why is malaria more common during the monsoon season?

Accepted Answer

Malaria is more common during the monsoon because stagnant water from heavy rains provides breeding grounds for Anopheles mosquitoes, which transmit the disease.

Question 25

Why is robotic surgery the future?

Accepted Answer

Robotic surgery is considered the future of surgery because it offers numerous benefits over traditional surgery, such as less pain, less blood loss, smaller incisions, faster recovery time, and more precise and accurate surgical movements. Additionally, as technology advances and robots become more advanced, robotic surgery is expected to become even more advanced and effective, potentially leading to better patient outcomes. Robotic surgery is also expected to become more widely available and affordable, making it accessible to more patients. Overall, the future of robotic surgery looks promising and is likely to revolutionise the field of surgery in the future.

Question 26

What is the JN.1 variant, and how does it differ from other SARS-CoV-2 variants

Accepted Answer

JN.1 is a sub-variant of SARS-CoV-2, responsible for Covid-19. Detected in the US in September 2023, it is genetically linked to BA.2.86. While concerns about increased transmissibility exist, there is no evidence of heightened health risks compared to other variants.

Question 27

Who is eligible to be an FMT donor?

Accepted Answer

Donors are typically healthy individuals without gastrointestinal diseases, infections, or risk factors. They undergo rigorous screening to ensure safety

Question 28

Why is the risk of waterborne diseases higher during the monsoon?

Accepted Answer

The risk increases due to flooding, which can contaminate water sources with sewage and other pollutants, leading to the spread of harmful bacteria and viruses.

Question 29

What does alcohol do to a depressed person?

Accepted Answer

Alcohol can worsen depression by disrupting brain chemistry, lowering serotonin levels, and intensifying feelings of sadness and hopelessness. While it may provide temporary relief, it ultimately deepens depressive symptoms and impairs judgement, leading to a harmful cycle that can worsen the condition over time.

Question 30

What are the symptoms of social anxiety?

Accepted Answer

People with social anxiety avoid or feel very anxious in social settings. Common symptoms include blushing, sweating, trembling, rigid body posture, and difficulty speaking.

Question 31

Can anticoagulants be taken with other medications?

Accepted Answer

Anticoagulants can interact with other medications, so it's crucial to inform your healthcare provider about all the drugs and supplements you are taking. Some medications, such as certain antibiotics, antifungals, and anti-inflammatory drugs, can increase the risk of bleeding when taken with anticoagulants.

Question 32

Can stigma prevent people from seeking mental health treatment?

Accepted Answer

Yes, fear of judgement and discrimination often discourages individuals from reaching out for professional help or even talking about their mental health struggles.

Question 33

What is a sinus infection?

Accepted Answer

A sinus infection occurs due to the spread of bacterial and viral infection spread in the air in the form of droplets.

Question 34

What is immune thrombocytopenia (ITP)?

Accepted Answer

Immune Thrombocytopenia (ITP) is a disorder in which the immune system mistakenly attacks and destroys platelets, the blood cells responsible for clotting. This results in a low platelet count, leading to an increased risk of bleeding.

Question 35

What are minimally invasive procedures?

Accepted Answer

Minimally invasive procedures are medical techniques that use small incisions or natural body openings to access and treat internal organs or structures. They often involve the use of specialised instruments and imaging technology to minimise trauma to surrounding tissues.

Question 36

How long does a sleep study take?

Accepted Answer

A typical sleep study lasts one night, where your sleep is monitored from bedtime until you wake up in the morning.

Question 37

What constitutes cardiogenic shock’s four stages?

Accepted Answer

Cardiogenic shock has four stages: commencement, progressive, refractory, and recovery. The heart cannot pump enough blood during initiation to meet the body’s demands. As a result, the blood supply to important organs declines during the progressive stage, causing organ damage. Finally, refractory shock is a condition that requires stabilisation and maybe long-term care when medical intervention fails to improve the patient’s state. Cardiogenic shock can be prevented from progressing to refractory shock and treated early to enhance results.

Question 38

What are the signs of a serious football injury?

Accepted Answer

Serious injuries may include severe pain, swelling, the inability to move the affected area, deformities, or loss of function. An immediate medical evaluation is necessary.

Question 39

What causes ear itching during the rainy season?

Accepted Answer

High humidity, water retention in the ear, and fungal growth cause itching commonly linked to otomycosis.

Question 40

What is the difference between eye flu and conjunctivitis?

Accepted Answer

“Eye flu” is a layman’s term often referring to viral conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis can also be bacterial or allergic to it. A doctor can help identify the exact cause.

Question 41

What are the early symptoms of rat-bite fever?

Accepted Answer

Fever, joint pain, rash, vomiting, and swelling near a rat bite are common signs.

Question 42

What are the early symptoms of melioidosis?

Accepted Answer

Fever, cough, skin ulcers or abscesses, chest pain, and general fatigue. In severe cases, neurological symptoms may appear.

Question 43

What makes Weil’s disease different from regular leptospirosis?

Accepted Answer

Weil’s disease is a severe, advanced stage of leptospirosis with liver, kidney, and lung involvement. It can lead to organ failure if untreated.

Question 44

What is pregnancy constipation?

Accepted Answer

Pregnancy constipation is a common gastrointestinal issue during pregnancy and is characterised by infrequent or difficult bowel movements. It occurs when the digestive system experiences a slowdown in its regular processes, causing the stool to become hard, dry, and difficult to pass.

Question 45

Why do governments impose strict regulations on alcohol and cigarettes?

Accepted Answer

To protect public health by limiting access, reducing consumption, and mitigating the harmful effects associated with their use.

Question 46

What is strep throat?

Accepted Answer

Strep throat is a bacterial infection caused by the spread of Streptococcus pyogenes bacteria via coughing, sneezing, sharing contaminated food or water, or through direct skin contact.

Question 47

Will there be an improvement in my hearing with a hearing aid?

Accepted Answer

It depends on the reasons behind your hearing loss. Your doctor will evaluate the condition and will suggest options. If the hearing loss is caused by an obstruction due to wax or other reasons, it can be rectified by clearing the canal. Your doctor may suggest a hearing aid if you still have hearing loss. In some cases, the sensory hair cells in the inner ear may get damaged and cause hearing loss. You can benefit from a hearing aid if this is the reason behind the hearing loss. Hearing loss can also happen in older adults and can be managed with hearing aids.

Question 48

Is hepatitis C vaccination available?

Accepted Answer

Hepatitis C cannot presently be prevented by vaccination. Hepatitis C has been difficult to avoid despite years of study efforts because it mutates quickly and has numerous variants.

Question 49

What is Lyme disease?

Accepted Answer

Lyme disease is a disease caused due to the bite of a tick causing borrelia infection.

Question 50

Why is exercise important for overweight individuals during pollution season?

Accepted Answer

Exercise helps with weight management, cardiovascular health, and lung strength, but precautions are necessary to avoid exposure to harmful pollutants.

Question 51

How does stress affect breathing?

Accepted Answer

Stress activates the fight-or-flight response, causing rapid, shallow breathing, or hyperventilation. This can lead to dizziness, chest tightness, and shortness of breath.

Question 52

Do probiotics help with digestion?

Accepted Answer

Yes, probiotics can improve digestion by breaking down food, absorbing nutrients, and preventing digestive issues like diarrhoea and constipation.

Question 53

What is magnesium deficiency?

Accepted Answer

Magnesium deficiency occurs when the body doesn't get enough magnesium, an essential mineral for various bodily functions.

Question 54

Who is at risk for an aortic aneurysm?

Accepted Answer

Risk factors include being over 60, smoking, having high blood pressure, or a family history of aneurysms.

Question 55

Can alcohol lead to ulcers?

Accepted Answer

Yes, alcohol can erode the stomach lining, increasing the risk of developing painful ulcers by weakening the protective mucous barrier.

Question 56

How can I stay active despite the festive gatherings?

Accepted Answer

Incorporate light physical activities like walking, dancing, or stretching during breaks to balance out long periods of sitting or festive indulgence.

Question 57

What are some examples of low-calorie sweets I can make for Diwali?

Accepted Answer

Some popular low-calorie sweets include:

Fruit chaat
Oats ladoo
Chia seed pudding
Coconut ladoo

Question 58

How can a respiratory health checkup help before winter?

Accepted Answer

A respiratory checkup can identify issues like asthma or chronic bronchitis, allowing you to manage them effectively before cold weather exacerbates symptoms.

Question 59

What is an albumin blood test?

Accepted Answer

The albumin blood test measures the albumin levels, a protein in the blood. It is a common diagnostic test used to assess liver and kidney function and diagnose and monitor certain medical conditions.

Question 60

Do ICU and CCU staff have different training?

Accepted Answer

Yes, while highly trained medical professionals staff both units, CCU staff have specialised training in cardiac care, whereas ICU staff are trained to manage a broad range of critical conditions.

Question 61

What is dengue?

Accepted Answer

Dengue is a disease caused due to infection spread by the bite of an infected mosquito to a healthy individual.

Question 62

Why do adults need vaccines?

Accepted Answer

Adults need vaccines to boost waning immunity, protect against new infections, and prevent complications from vaccine-preventable diseases like flu, shingles, or pneumonia.

Question 63

What is the Parkland formula for fluid resuscitation?

Accepted Answer

It’s 4 mL × kg × TBSA%. Half is infused in the first 8 hours, the rest over the subsequent 16 hours

Question 64

What are the earliest allergy emergency signs to look for?

Accepted Answer

Look for itching and anaphylaxis, hives and emergency skin reactions, and any signs of throat swelling, allergy or breathing difficulties.

General Medicine