All you need to know about Lung Cancer

(prevention and treatment.)

2.Lung Cancer and Smoking

Smoking is considered as the highest risk factor to cause lung cancer in 9 out of 10 people. Pipe smoking and cigar are also considered dangerous apart from cigarettes. The possibilities of developing lung cancer depend on the frequency and duration of smoking. Most tobacco products consist of more than 7000 chemicals in them out of which 70 of those chemicals are known for causing lung cancer

Not all lung cancer patients are smokers, however, breathing cigarette or tobacco smoke as passive smokers is even more dangerous. Passive smokers inhale cigarette smoke along with other polluted smoke in the environment and this damages lung tissues immediately.

Chain smokers can reduce their chances of being affected by lung cancer by 50% if they quit smoking within 10 years from when they started.

3.Causes and Risk factors

Smoking is linked to about 90% of lung cancer deaths. Even smoking a few cigarettes a day increases the risk of lung cancer. Smoke from other people’s cigarettes (passive smoking) can also cause cancer.

However, frequent exposure to smoke causes severe damage to the lungs where self-repair fails to work. This begins to damage lung cells and increase the risk of lung cancer.

The risk can be lowered by giving up on smoking. Lung cancer can also be other factors like inhalation of hazardous gases with substances such as cadmium, uranium, few petroleum gases, nickel, arsenic and chromium.

Pre-existing lesion like pulmonary fibrosis is associated with sevenfold in increase in risk of lung cancer.

Although the genetic basis of lung cancer is still being elucidated, there is a clearly established familial risk.

7.Steps to Prevent Lung Cancer

Lung cancer cannot be prevented completely, however, there are some lung cancer prevention methods that can be followed to reduce the risk of being affected.

Stay away from smoke- Keeping yourself away from polluted smoke is the best choice to make. Educate people around you and create awareness in your children, talk to them about the risks involved in breathing smoke or polluted air.

Quit smoking- If you are a chain smoker or smoke casually, consider to quit smoking as soon as possible. If you cannot do it by yourself consult a lung doctor who can help you quit smoking by providing medication or nicotine replacement products.

Avoid being a passive smoker- Do not accompany your colleagues or friends to smoking zones if you are a non-smoker. Passive smoking is increasingly dangerous when compared to active smokers. Avoid smoking areas in public places like restaurants, bus stands, etc.

Check for radon exposure at home- Radon is a naturally erupted gas from earth and it can enter your house through cracks in the foundation. Follow precautionary methods during construction to avoid radon exposure. This is one of the important risk factors for the cause of lung cancer in non-smokers.

Stay away from toxic chemicals at work- If you work in a chemical factory, avoid inhalation of toxic chemicals by following the instructions provided by your company. Do not forget to use face masks for protection and have a regular lung check-up done by a doctor to know the condition of your lungs. If you have signs of lung cancer or considered to be at risk of being affected by lung cancer, look out for an alternative job.

Eat healthy food- A balanced diet with all the nutrients in it prevents our body from various diseases. By including fresh fruits and vegetables to your daily meal you can build a stronger immune system to fight dangerous infections. Avoid intake of supplements for vitamins and minerals instead consider to consume food with vitamins and minerals in its natural form.

Exercise regularly- By exercising every day the body gets stronger by strengthening the immune system. There are proven records that show treatments have shown quicker results due to exercising.

8.Lung Cancer FAQs: All your concerns addressed

A person affected by Lung Cancer usually has numerous questions running in their mind regarding treatments and chances of survival. Here is the list of frequently asked questions asked by lung cancer patients.

Q.  Do non-smokers get lung cancer?

1. It is not common for non-smokers to be affected by lung cancer, but there are several causes apart from smoking that have been known to cause cancer of the lungs. Besides lung cancer, there are several lung disorders that might make lung operation a requirement for future well-being and it is best to consult with a pulmonologist or a specialist at a lung hospital to determine if you are a candidate who requires lung surgery, if you are affected by any of the symptoms that accompany lung disease.

Q.  Why would I need a lobectomy?

1. Lobectomy or bi-lobectomy is most commonly performed if lung cancer is diagnosed at an early stage and a lung surgeon determines if the cancer can be completely removed through sectioning off of a lobe of the lung. It may also be performed in cases of severe infections such as tuberculosis and complicated fungal infections, or abscesses and scarring that may block airways.

Q.  How long does chemotherapy treatment take to cure lung cancer?

1. Chemotherapy process is a systematic plan and varies from one patient to another depending on the stage of cancer. Speak to your doctor to get a clear picture of the process and do not hesitate to clear all your doubts.

Q.  Why is it required to undergo chemotherapy before surgery to remove lung cancer?

1. Chemotherapy is not always required before surgery. Chemotherapy help in reducing the size of the tumour and this makes it easy for doctors to remove the tumour successfully.

Q.  What are the stages of lung cancer and why is it important to know the stage of lung cancer before treatment?

1. The treatment method for lung cancer differs depending on the type and stage of lung cancer. The stage of cancer is defined depending on the areas infected.

Q.  Why do the reactions and results of lung cancer treatment differ for each person from the same chemotherapy drugs?

1. It is a known fact that chemotherapy results will differ from one person to another depending on their metabolic rate. One person might have a weird feeling of nausea while the other can feel fatigued. This also depends on the dosage of the drug provided. The dosage of the drug differs at every stage. It is always important to remember that the recovery speed and the process during lung cancer treatment differs from person to person.

Q.  Does chemotherapy cause pain?

1. As such chemotherapy does not cause pain. It is the cancer process itself which is linked to pain. As a matter of fact, chemotherapy is given to relieve pain and other symptoms.

Q.  Can you survive lung cancer?

1. Yes, with proper treatment, necessary lobectomy and chemotherapy you can get cured of lung cancer but not cent per cent. The five-year survival rate states the percentage of people who live at least 5 years after the cancer is detected. The five-year survival rate among all types of lung cancer patients is 19%.

Q.  What are the early signs of lung cancer?

1. Most lung cancers do not cause any symptoms until they spread but here are few common symptoms which shouldn't be avoided:
• Loss of appetite
• Feeling weakness
• Unexpected weight loss
• Shortness of breath
• Chest pain
• A consistent cough or coughing up blood
• Bronchitis or Pneumonia which keeps coming back
• Hoarseness

Q.  How do you get lung cancer?

1. Majority of lung cancers is caused by smoking tobacco. Lung cancer can happen to both - active smokers and in people exposed to secondhand smoke. But lung cancer also occurs in people who are neither active nor passive smoker.
2. Smoking damages the lung cells when you inhale cigarette smoke which is filled with carcinogens, cancer-causing elements.

Q.  What are the 4 types of lung cancer?

1. Based on the appearance of lung cancer cells under the microscope, doctors distinguish lung cancer into two major categories:
2. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC): It is less common types of lung cancer which occurs exclusively in heavy smokers or chain smokers.
3. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC): It is an umbrella term for several types of lung cancers. This type of lung cancer includes adenocarcinoma, squamous cell carcinoma and large cell carcinoma.

Q.  How do you test yourself for lung cancer?

1. As with all disease, earlier identification leads to greater cures. The 5 year survival rate for those diagnosed early is 55 out of every 100. Apart from looking out the early and consistent symptoms of lung cancer, your doctor might ask you to do the following recommended tests:
• Low dose CT Scan (low dose computed tomography scan)
• Nasal swabs
• Blood tests

Q.  Is lung cancer curable if caught early?

1. There are technologies like Imaging tests, Sputum cytology, and Tissue sample (biopsy) for early detection of lung cancer and to find tumours when they are still in a surgically curable stage. Most people when diagnosed with lung cancer are diagnosed at a developed stage when the options for treatment are relatively few. There is, however, a period of time before symptoms develop, the pre-clinical phase of lung cancer. During this period, there's a possibility of screening an individual and detecting the disease at an early enough stage that a surgical or a local procedure could cure cancer. Cancer in it's earliest stages is the most treatable.

Q.  Where does lung cancer spread first?

1. Metastasis refers to the spread of cancer cells from the primary location (the organ in which cancer began) to other secondary locations of a human body. Statistically, 40% of newly diagnosed patients with lung cancer already have metastases to other parts of the body.
2. Lung cancer can spread to nearly any region of the body like Lymph Nodes, Bones, Brain, Liver, Adrenal Glands. Occasionally it cal also spread to the eye, the skin, the stomach, small and large intestines, the pancreas, the kidney, and even the breast.

Q.  How does lung cancer patient die?

1. Death is inevitable but you can expect the following during the later stages of lunch cancer. 30% pf people suffer and die due to Tumor burden from metastases, which means that the amount of cancer tissue present spread to other body parts and caused death. Sometimes, infections like pneumonia and sepsis begin in the bloodstream and spread through the entire body leading to death.
2. Pulmonary haemorrhage (bleeding into the lungs), Pulmonary Embolism (blood clots in the legs) that break off and travel to the lungs, and most commonly respiratory failure are some of the immediate cause of death among .ung cancer patients.