Although bipolar disorder shows distinct symptoms, a single test does not confirm a diagnosis of bipolar disorder. A combination of methods achieves diagnosis.

Before diagnosis, it may feel like something is not right and expressing yourself may be difficult. You may experience changes in mood and emotions. Feelings of hopelessness and despair can become intense. You may go from feeling full of energy one moment to drowning in despair the next. Feeling low isn't uncommon; many people face it occasionally due to stress or other factors. However, variations in mood associated with bipolar disorder are usually more extreme. Your friends or family may also notice that something is wrong. Seek help if severe mood variations affect your daily activities or make you suicidal.

Physical examination

There aren't any blood tests or brain scans that can diagnose bipolar disorder. Even then, a routine set of tests is done to rule out other causes, such as hypothyroidism, substance abuse or side effects of any medicine.

Mental health evaluation

Your treating psychiatrist or psychologist will ask you a series of questions to assess your overall mental health status. Evaluating bipolar disorder is done by asking about your symptoms- how long they last and how they affect your daily life. You will also be questioned on risk factors such as family history of similar illnesses and history of medication or substance abuse.

Bipolar disorder is known for its episodes of depression and mania. You will be asked about your feelings during and after such episodes. They will want to see if you feel helpless or in control during manic periods and how long they last. With your permission, they may speak to relatives and loved ones about your behaviour and the changes they may have noticed for an accurate assessment. Diagnosis is made after considering all aspects of your medical history and the medications you have taken.

The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) or the International Classification of Mental & Behavioural Disorders (ICD) is used to aid in accurate diagnosis.

Diagnosing bipolar disorder in children

Bipolar disorder has also been known to affect children. Diagnosis in children is often difficult due to the overlap of symptoms with Attention-Deficit and Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD), which is a more common problem among children. If your child is not showing improvement in ADHD symptoms, they may have bipolar disorder. The symptoms to look out for include:

Emotional outbursts
Periods of being sad or upset
Hyperactivity
Aggressive behaviour
Impulsiveness
Irritability

The criteria to diagnose bipolar disorder in children is the same as for adults, and your doctor may ask you and your child a set of questions to ascertain the type and severity of symptoms.

Your doctor may also look for a family history of similar conditions and do a physical examination, including blood tests, to assess thyroid gland function.

Bipolar Disorder