An appendectomy is a surgical procedure to remove the appendix. This operation treats appendicitis, the inflamed swelling of the appendix. This tiny sac hangs from the large intestine on your lower right abdomen. If not promptly treated, the swollen appendix might burst. Such a burst can spread a severe, often life-threatening, infection.

The appendix serves no clear purpose, but its removal doesn't affect long-term health. Removing the appendix quickly is vital. It prevents severe complications such as peritonitis and sepsis, which can occur if the appendix bursts. Surgery not only eases the pain but also stops the infection from spreading within the abdomen.

Why Remove the Appendix?

The appendix needs to be removed if it becomes inflamed and swollen, a condition known as appendicitis. Without treatment, an inflamed appendix can burst usually within 36 to 48 hours after symptoms begin. A ruptured appendix can cause peritonitis, an infection of the abdominal lining, or sepsis, both of which are serious and can be deadly. Removing the appendix eliminates these risks and resolves the painful symptoms of appendicitis.

What Happens During an Appendix Removal Surgery?

Appendectomy, the removal of the appendix, can be performed using open surgery or laparoscopically. The choice depends on the patient's condition and the surgeon's judgement.

Preparation for Surgery

Before an appendectomy, patients undergo tests to confirm appendicitis. These tests include blood and urine tests and possibly an ultrasound or CT scan. Patients must not eat or drink for at least 8 hours before surgery to prepare for anaesthesia.

Anaesthesia

General anaesthesia is administered so the patient sleeps through the surgery and feels no pain.

The Surgical Procedure

During a laparoscopic appendectomy, the surgeon makes small incisions in the abdomen and inserts a cannula—a thin tube used to inflate the abdomen with carbon dioxide gas. This gas creates space that helps the surgeon see and remove the appendix more easily. The surgeon uses instruments inserted through other small incisions to detach and remove the appendix.

If the appendix has burst or there are other complications, the surgeon might need to switch to an open appendectomy. This method involves a single, more significant cut to open up the abdomen and remove the appendix directly.

Closing the Incisions

After the appendix is removed, the surgeon closes the incisions with stitches. These might be stitches that dissolve over time, particularly with laparoscopic surgery.

Recovery After Surgery

Recovery time can vary. Most patients can go home within a day if there are no complications. The medical team will manage pain with medication. Patients need to rest and limit movement to aid the healing process. Doctors usually recommend avoiding strenuous activities for several weeks to ensure the abdominal area fully heals.

Diet and Activity Restrictions Post-Surgery

Post-appendectomy care is crucial for a smooth and speedy recovery. Initially, patients are advised to eat bland, soft foods that are easy to digest. Gradually, they can reintroduce other foods as tolerated. Hydration is also vital; drinking plenty of fluids helps prevent constipation associated with pain medication.

Regarding physical activity, resting and limiting movement in the early days after surgery is essential to promote healing. Patients should avoid lifting heavy objects, strenuous gym workouts, and any activity that puts pressure on the abdomen for at least four to six weeks. However, gentle walks and slight movements enhance circulation and aid digestion.

Patients should follow their healthcare provider's recommendations on diet and activity and report any unusual symptoms, such as severe abdominal pain or fever, immediately. These guidelines help ensure a return to normal activities as quickly and safely as possible.

Conclusion

An appendectomy is a routine surgery that involves removing the appendix to treat appendicitis. While the appendix isn't essential to human health, an inflamed appendix can cause serious health issues if not treated promptly. The surgery is typically straightforward, and most patients recover quickly, returning to normal activities within a few weeks. Recognising the symptoms of appendicitis early and getting timely treatment helps prevent complications that could lead to more severe health issues.

FAQs About Appendix Removal Surgery

Q. What are the first signs of appendicitis?
A. The symptoms of appendicitis normally take the shape of a relatively sharp pain in the abdomen area near the navel that develops and eventually shifts to the lower right abdominal area. This pain is usually symptomatic and accompanied by nausea, vomiting and a slight fever, indicating one to have medical attention.

Q. How long does an appendectomy take?
A. The duration of appendectomy is usually 30-60 minutes, but it can also vary depending on existing medical complications. This time may be reduced if the procedure is an operation or if there is a shorter period when the surgery is laparoscopic.

Q. What is the recovery time for an appendectomy?
A. Even though the length of recovery time after an appendectomy may differ, most patients can leave the hospital within 1 to 2 days after the removal surgery. Many people have a recovery period of 2 to 4 weeks, or even faster, depending on the surgery's complexity and overall health.

Q. Are there any risks associated with appendectomy?
A. Appendectomy is widely performed and often quite safe, but all surgical interventions, naturally, involve some risk. This can present a variety of risks, including infections at the incision site, bleeding, or a reaction to anaesthesia. If the appendix ruptures before removal, this danger increases, and one may experience peritonitis, sepsis or any other related infection.

Q. Can I live normally without an appendix?
A. Yes, you can live a normal life without an appendix. Although the appendix performs no essential function, its removal does not pose a threat of harm in the long run. Removing the appendix means there will be no chance of developing such conditions later.

Reference link

https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/treatments/21922-appendectomy
https://www.sages.org/publications/patient-information/patient-information-for-laparoscopic-appendectomy-from-sages/