Varicose veins are enlarged, twisted, and swollen veins, most seen on the legs and feet. They occur when the tiny valves inside veins become weak or damaged, allowing blood to flow backwards and pool. This causes veins to bulge and appear bluish or purple on the skin surface.

While varicose veins are often associated with ageing, they are increasingly affecting younger adults due to sedentary lifestyles, long working hours, and a lack of physical movement. The condition is usually not life-threatening but can lead to pain, swelling, and skin complications if ignored.

At Narayana Health, vascular specialists offer advanced diagnostic tools and minimally invasive treatments to help patients manage symptoms and restore healthy circulation.

Varicose Vein Causes and Risk Factors

Varicose veins develop when the valves in the veins fail to function properly, allowing blood to flow back into the veins. This results in blood pooling and increased pressure in the veins, particularly in the legs.

Common Varicose Vein Causes

Weak or damaged vein walls and valves

Increased pressure due to standing for long periods

Hormonal changes, especially during pregnancy or menopause

Obesity and a sedentary lifestyle

Ageing and loss of venous elasticity

Major Risk Factors

Family history of varicose veins

Occupations requiring prolonged standing

Pregnancy, which increases abdominal pressure

Obesity leads to excessive strain on leg veins

Lack of exercise or sitting for extended hours

In India, long commuting hours, desk jobs, and low physical activity have significantly increased the risk of varicose veins in the legs among both men and women.

Varicose Veins Symptoms

Symptoms of varicose veins can vary from mild discomfort to severe pain and visible changes in the legs.

Common varicose veins symptoms include:

Bulging, twisted blue or purple veins visible on the legs

Pain, throbbing, or heaviness after standing for long hours

Swelling around the ankles and feet

Itching or skin irritation over the affected veins

Discoloration or thickening of the skin in severe cases

If left untreated, varicose veins may lead to ulcers or chronic venous insufficiency, requiring specialized medical attention.

Varicose Veins Diagnosis

Diagnosis begins with a physical examination by a vascular specialist.
A Doppler ultrasound or venous Doppler scan is performed to evaluate:

Blood flow in the veins

Presence of valve leakage

Blockages or clots in deep veins

This non-invasive test helps doctors determine the severity of the condition and plan the most effective treatment for varicose veins.

Varicose Veins Prevention

Preventing varicose veins largely involves improving blood circulation and muscle tone in the legs.

Simple Prevention Tips:

Walk or stretch regularly, especially if you sit for long hours.

Avoid standing or sitting continuously for over 45 minutes.

Perform calf-raise exercises to strengthen leg muscles.

Maintain a healthy weight to reduce vein pressure.

Elevate your legs for 15–30 minutes daily to promote blood return.

Wear compression stockings if prescribed by your doctor.

These small lifestyle adjustments can significantly reduce the risk of developing varicose veins.