Overview

Vaginal cancer is a rare form of cancer that develops in the cells lining the vagina, the muscular tube connecting the uterus to the external genitalia. There are different types of vaginal cancer, with squamous cell carcinoma being the most common. Squamous cells line the upper part of the vagina. This cancer progresses slowly, and its symptoms may not be noticeable in its early stages. This blog discusses the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for vaginal cancer.

Types of Vaginal Cancer

Vaginal Cancer is divided into different based on the area of the body where cancerous cells are found:

- Squamous Cell Carcinoma - It is a common form of genital cancer. The cancerous cells in this form are found in the lining of the surface of the vagina and are also associated with HPV infection.
- Adenocarcinoma- The type involves cancer in the mucous-producing glandular cells of the vagina. It typically occurs in the upper part of the vagina.
- Vaginal Melanoma- A rare but very aggressive form of cancer, vaginal melanoma develops in the pigment-producing cells or melanocytes of the vagina.
- Sarcoma- This form of cancer is found in the connective muscles of the vagina.
- Clear Cell Carcinoma - A rare type of vaginal cancer typically affects women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero. DES was a medication given to pregnant women in the past to prevent miscarriage.

Causes of Vaginal Cancer

Mentioned below are some of the causes of vaginal Cancer that help to identify the reason for cancer and initiate treatment accordingly.

- HPV- Human PapillomaVirus, also known as HPV, is one of the biggest causes of genital Cancer. The virus spreads due to STIs. The virus usually is not damaging, but if not detected and treated on time, then the virus can lead to severe diseases in the genital area, such as Cancer.
- Smoking- The ill habit also accounts for one of the reasons for genital Cancer. Smoking makes the individual prone to different types of Cancer. In addition, it can turn healthy cells into cancerous ones and lead to various other medical disorders.
- Weak Immune System- A weak immune system cannot sustain the damage caused due to cancerous cells. It worsens the disease and can also be the cause of multiple other health issues.
- Cell Mutation- Cells lining the vagina can be mutated due to different health issues and become cancerous. Hence, cell mutation is also one of the biggest causes of genital cancer.
- History of Precancerous Lesions- The risk of developing vaginal cancer increases with precancerous lesions of the vagina, such as vaginal intraepithelial neoplasia (VAIN).
- DES Exposure- Women exposed to diethylstilbestrol (DES) in utero, a drug given to pregnant women between the 1940s and 1970s, have an increased risk of developing clear cell carcinoma of the vagina.

Symptoms of Vaginal Cancer

Mentioned below are some of the Vaginal Cancer Symptoms that help to detect the disease in its initial stages and prevent the worsening of the condition:

- - Abnormal Bleeding- Abnormal bleeding is one of the initial symptoms of genital cancer. The bleeding is not related to menstruation. The symptom can be accompanied by pain and rashes in the vaginal area. Unusual bleeding, such as bleeding after sexual intercourse, between periods, or after menopause, can be a warning sign of vaginal cancer.
  - Cervicitis- Cervicitis is a form of inflammation caused due to spread of the virus. The medical condition can be observed in the case of Vaginal Cancer.
  - Changes in the Vaginal Area- A healthcare professional should evaluate any noticeable changes in the appearance or texture of the vagina, such as lumps, ulcers, or abnormal growths.
  - Bleeding during Sexual Intercourse- Bleeding during sexual intercourse or dyspareunia is one of the symptoms of rare cancer. The bleeding is not related to menstrual blood flow and can happen due to the damage caused to the connecting tissues and outer lining of the vagina. The condition can also be accompanied by pain during sexual intercourse.
  - Vaginal Discharge- An abnormal vaginal discharge that may be watery, bloody, or foul odour.
  - Painful Urination - Discomfort or pain during urination may indicate vaginal cancer.
  - Pelvic Pain -: Persistent pain or discomfort in the pelvic area, including the vagina, may be a symptom of advanced vaginal cancer.

Treatment Options for Vaginal Cancer

Mentioned below are the treatment options for Vaginal Cancer that can help kill the cancerous cells and get rid of the disease:

- Surgery- Surgery helps to remove the cancerous cells from the affected part. The process also involves removing the cancerous lumps found in the upper area of the genitalia. The doctor advises surgical procedures depending on the form and spot of the cancerous cells.
- Radiation Therapy- Radiation therapy is one of the highest opted forms of therapy to cure cancer. The therapy involves the use of high-powered beams to kill the cancerous cells. In addition, the therapy involves using X-Ray beams on the outer on the inner part of the genital depending upon the spread of the cancerous cells.
- Chemotherapy- Chemotherapy involves using chemical drugs to kill cancer cells. The method is also helpful in treating various forms of cancer. However, the medications might lead to side effects such as hair loss and weakness. The therapy can be combined with radiation therapy for better results.
- Targeted Therapy- It specifically targets cancer cells by blocking specific molecular pathways. It may be used in cases where certain molecular targets are identified in the tumour.

When to Consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Gynecology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

Vaginal Cancer is a cancer that develops in the vaginal area. The form of cancer is a rare one but can be damaging if not treated on time. However, the disease can be cured if proper medications and treatment are provided to the affected patient on time.

Reference Links

- https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/cervical-cancer-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options/
- https://www.healthline.com/health/vaginal-cancer
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/vaginal-cancer/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20352453

Frequently Asked Questions

Q. What is Vaginal Cancer?

Q. What are the symptoms of Vaginal Cancer?