Overview

Labour comprises multiple stages, each marked by distinct physiological processes and milestones. Familiarising yourself with these phases, from the initiation of uterine contractions to the delivery of the baby and placenta, is essential for preparing for the profound journey of labour and childbirth.

First Stage:

Latent Phase: Initiation of regular uterine contractions leading to cervical effacement and dilation up to 3-4 centimetres.
Active Phase: Rapid cervical dilation from 4 to 10 centimetres, accompanied by intensifying contractions, typically culminating in a transition phase.

Second Stage:

Dilation: Commencing with full cervical dilation and extending until the birth of the infant, characterised by maternal expulsive efforts and descent of the foetal head through the birth canal, ultimately leading to delivery.

Third Stage:

Expulsion: This involves the expulsion of the placenta from the uterine cavity after foetal delivery, facilitated by uterine contractions and maternal efforts. It typically concludes within 30 minutes postpartum.

What to Expect During Labour & Delivery?

During labour and delivery, one can expect a series of physiological and emotional changes as the body progresses through the stages of childbirth.

The onset of Regular Contractions: Labour typically begins with the onset of regular uterine contractions, which gradually increase in intensity and frequency.
Cervical Dilation and Effacement: The cervix gradually dilated and effaced (thinned out) to allow the baby to pass through the birth canal.
Transition Phase: A particularly intense phase of labour characterised by rapid cervical dilation, often accompanied by strong contractions.
Bearing Down Sensation: As the baby moves through the birth canal, the mother may experience a strong urge to push or bear down.
Baby's Arrival: Eventually, the baby is born, typically head first, followed by the rest of the body.
Placental Delivery: Following the baby's birth, the placenta separates from the uterine wall and exits through the birth canal.
Postpartum Recovery: Following delivery, the mother may experience contractions as the uterus contracts back to its pre-pregnancy size. Bonding with the baby and initial assessments by healthcare providers also occur during this time.

Conclusion

The stages of labour present a structured framework guiding the progression of childbirth, encompassing the initiation of regular contractions, cervical dilation and effacement, and, ultimately, the delivery of the baby and placenta. Throughout this journey, expectant mothers experience a mix of physical sensations, from the intense contractions of transition to the empowering urge to bear down during delivery.

Understanding these stages prepares individuals for the remarkable experience of childbirth, ensuring readiness for the challenges and joys that lie ahead. With proper support and medical care, navigating through each stage of labour leads to the cherished moment of welcoming a new life into the world.

Frequently Asked Questions

Q1. What are the three stages of Labour?
A1. Labour is a three-stage procedure. The first stage begins with labour and ends with complete cervical dilatation and effacement. The second stage begins with complete cervical dilatation and finishes with the delivery of the foetus. The third stage begins after the foetus is delivered and finishes when the placenta is delivered.

Q2. What should you expect during each stage of labour?
A2. During the first stage of labour, your body prepares to give birth by contracting, which helps open your cervix. Typically, this is the longest stage of labour. On average, your cervix takes 12-19 hours to dilate to 10 centimetres fully.

Q3. Why are the stages of Labour important?
A3. The phases of labour can assist in determining where the patient falls on the labour spectrum.

Q4. What does early labour feel like?
A4. During early labour, the cervix dilates and effaces. You'll probably experience moderate, irregular contractions. As your cervix opens, you may see clear pink or slightly bloody discharge from your vagina. This is most likely the mucus plug that closes the cervical opening during pregnancy.

References:

https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-labour
https://www.mayoclinic.org/healthy-lifestyle/labor-and-delivery/in-depth/stages-of-labor/art-20046545