Overview

The kidney is a vital organ in the human body responsible for filtering blood to remove waste products, excess fluids, and electrolytes. It also helps regulate blood pressure, red blood cell production, and electrolyte balance and is crucial in maintaining the body's overall fluid and chemical balance.

Stage 3 kidney disease, or moderate chronic kidney disease (CKD), indicates a reduction in kidney function where waste buildup and imbalances in the body begin to cause noticeable symptoms. At this stage, kidney function is decreased to approximately 30-59% of normal, and treatment and lifestyle adjustments are often necessary to slow the progression of the disease.

The condition may not show any evident symptoms, but one can identify it by signs such as severe back pain, urinary incontinence, swollen hands and feet, and other similar problems. A doctor should immediately consult these issues to tap the root cause and avoid further deterioration of the kidney disease.

In Stage 3 Kidney Disease, the Glomerular Filtration Rate (GFR) ranges from 30 to 59 millilitres per minute (mL/min). This stage signifies moderate kidney damage, with kidneys functioning at 30-59% of their normal capacity. Patients may experience mild to moderate symptoms, and it's crucial to manage underlying conditions, adopt a kidney-friendly diet, and monitor kidney function closely to slow disease progression.

Stages of kidney disease by GFR

Causes of Stage 3 Kidney Disease

Type 1 or Type 2 Diabetes- Diabetes is one of the common health problems observed in at least one among five people. The health problem branches in the form of different other issues if not treated at the right time. The sugar issue blocks the glomeruli, disallowing proper flow of blood.

Hence, the organ cannot have sufficient blood flow, causing different health issues. The filtering organ can also not filter toxins from the blood, causing an accumulation of waste along with blood in the kidneys.

High Blood Pressure- High blood pressure is another cause of the disease. The issue causes blood to rush with enormous pressure through the blood vessels. The action causes the arteries around the organ to stiffen or harden. Hence, the kidney tissues cannot get proper and required blood supply.
Glomerulonephritis- It is a health issue that involves inflammation of the glomeruli due to different health disorders. The kidneys are unable to filter waste efficiently from the blood, leading to the accumulation of fluid in the organ. Mild cases of the issue can be resolved with the help of treatment, but severe ones may cause harsh damage to the kidneys.
Polycystic Kidney Disease- An inherited condition where cysts form in the kidneys, affecting their structure and function.

Polycystic Kidney Disease illustration

Autoimmune Diseases- Conditions such as lupus or vasculitis can cause kidney inflammation and damage.
Obstruction- Kidney stones or structural issues can obstruct urine flow and harm kidney function.

Symptoms of Stage 3 Kidney Disease

Vomiting- Vomiting is one of the prime stage 3 kidney disease symptoms. It happens due to the accumulation of waste and fluid in the kidneys. The issue can also be observed due to electrolyte problems, making one feel puckish and nauseated.
Loss of Appetite- Loss of appetite is also one of the symptoms of kidney disease. It happens due to improper filtration process of the organ, causing a build-up of waste in the body. The situation may also be accompanied by sudden weight loss, making one feel weak to perform routine chores with ease.
Muscle Cramps- Muscle cramps are a dreadful kidney disease symptom. It happens due to the build-up of metabolic waste in the body, damaging muscles and bones. Hence, one feels muscle cramps, twitches, and even no sensation in a few parts of the body. It is advised to seek professional medical help in case of such situations.
Changes in Urination - Changes in frequency, colour, or foaming of urine.
High Blood Pressure - Hypertension may develop or worsen.
Fluid Retention - Accumulation of fluid in the body, leading to weight gain.
Back Pain - Dull, persistent pain in the lower back or sides.

Treatment Options for Stage 3 Kidney Disease

Treatment of kidney disease depends upon the cause of the issue. Hence, different patients are recommended with varying treatment options.

Medications- Underlying health issues are one of the common causes of kidney disease. Hence, medications to resolve the health problems damaging the kidneys are prescribed by doctors. Medicines to cure high blood pressure, diabetes, swelling, anaemia, high cholesterol, and bone issues. Such pills help to heal the underlying diseases and overall lower the kidney disorder.
Dialysis- It is a procedure to remove waste and excess fluids from the body through a machine. The system is followed when kidneys are unable to function naturally. The process helps the organ to function normally and lowers damaging signs of kidney issues.
Kidney Transplant- A kidney transplant is the last resort to relieve chronic kidney issues. The process involves the replacement of the damaged organ with the new one. The kidney donor can be a deceased or a living individual. One will have to take medications for a lifetime to maintain the adaptability of the new organ with the body.
Blood Pressure Control - Managing hypertension (high blood pressure) through lifestyle changes and medications to prevent further kidney damage.
Diabetes Management - If diabetes is the underlying cause, controlling blood sugar levels to protect the kidneys.
Medication Review - Adjusting or discontinuing medications that may harm the kidneys.
Dietary Changes - Adopting a kidney-friendly diet, often low in sodium, potassium, and phosphorus, to reduce the workload on the kidneys.

When to consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Nephrology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

Stage 3 kidney disease is a chronic stage of kidney issue. It may not show symptoms in the initial stages, but one can identify it by different signs and symptoms given by the body. Medications, dialysis, or transplants are some of the treatment options to cure the disease.

Reference Links

https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/how-to-prevent-chronic-kidney-disease/
https://www.webmd.com/a-to-z-guides/what-is-stage-3-kidney-disease-life-expectancy
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/chronic-kidney-disease/symptoms-causes/syc-20354521