Traditionally, coronary angiography is done by putting a plastic tube in the femoral artery i.e. The artery supplying the leg. Through this plastic tube called a sheath, small caliber plastic pipes are taken to the heart and dye injected into them to take pictures in cath lab.
The femoral route of angiography has been considered as inconvenient to the patient
· Higher chances of bleeding complications and blood collection at local site which can be troublesome for the patient and rarely requiring blood transfusions also.
To circumvent these problems, a recent development called Radial Angioplasty has comewhich is safe and convenient for the patient. Radial artery I.e. Artery which supplies the hand is one of them and one of the most frequently used route now a days for coronary angiography. The same procedure is followed in this as in femoral route but the chances of complications and bleeding are minimal.
Stent is a metallic mesh which has enough strength to open up the coronary arteries. Previously the angioplasties were performed without placement of a stent, but this was associated with high rates of reblockages. This procedure is now called as POBA i.e. Plain Old Balloon Angioplasty. With the advent of stent, this procedure has almost become obsolete now and most of the angioplasties now are being performed with stents and called PTCA +stent.
Again the advantage of choosing radial route over femoral is shorter duration of hospital stay with most of the patients being discharged the next day and early mobility as soon as 3-4 hours after angioplasty. The bleeding complications are minimal. Still the femoral route is used sometimes where radial route cannot be used and for performing complex angioplasties.
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