Overview
Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a medical condition in which a blood clot (thrombus) is formed in one of the blood vessels in the body (usually in the legs), later travelling to the lungs where it blocks the blood flow. Symptoms of PE are usually mild, however, may aggravate and lead to severe health conditions if left untreated for a long time. Hence, it is advisable to be prompt in seeking medical help in case of chest pain, shortness of breath, coughing up blood, rapid heartbeat, and lightheadedness or fainting. Also, understanding this life threatening condition of Pulmonary Embolism, its causes and treatment options is essential to stay fully aware and take early steps for prevention. Here is all you need to know, check it out!
Causes of Pulmonary embolism include:
PE happens when a blood clot, which typically starts in the legs and moves to the lungs where it blocks one or more pulmonary arteries. Deep vein thrombosis (DVT), a disorder in which blood clots form in the deep veins of the legs, is the most frequent cause of PE.
Additional elements that may raise the risk of PE include
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- Lengthy periods of inactivity, such as those experienced during flights or vehicle trips.
- Trauma or surgery
- Obesity Cancer or chemotherapy
- Smoking
- Conceiving and giving birth
- Birth control pills or hormone replacement treatment
Symptoms of Pulmonary Embolism
The severity of PE symptoms might vary from minor to severe, depending on the individual. Some individuals might not have any symptoms at all. Common PE signs and symptoms Include:
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- Breathlessness, which gets worse with activity.
- Sharp chest pain or discomfort that may get worse when you breathe deeply or Cough.
- Irregular or fast heartbeat.
- Coughing up blood or sputum that is bloody.
- Sweating, feeling dizzy, or passing out.
Getting medical assistance immediately is critical if you encounter any of these symptoms because they may point to a significant medical emergency.
Diagnosis of Pulmonary embolism:
A clinician often performs a physical examination, a review of your medical history, and an ordering of diagnostic tests to identify PE. For example, these tests could consist of the following:
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- CT scan: This imaging test uses X-rays and computer imaging technologies to create finely detailed images of the lungs and blood arteries.
- Pulmonary angiography: A dye is injected into the blood vessels during pulmonary angiography, which uses X-rays to show how the blood flows through the lungs.
- D-Dimer Test: D-dimer is a chemical released when blood clots dissolve. D-dimer readings that are elevated may be a sign of a blood clot.
Treatment Options for Pulmonary Embolism
PE treatment aims to stop the clot from growing and prevent additional clots from developing. Treatment choices could be:
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- Blood-thinning medications: Anticoagulants, or blood-thinning drugs, work to stop blood clots from growing or forming in the first place. In the hospital, they are typically administered intravenously, and after discharge, they may still be administered as pills.
- Thrombolytic therapy: This procedure uses a class of drugs known as thrombolytics, which can aid in dissolving the blood clot. Those with severe PE or are at a high risk of complications are typically the only ones eligible.
- IVC filter: This device is put into the inferior vena cava, a sizable vein in the abdomen to stop blood clots from reaching the lungs. People who are unable to take blood-thinning medications frequently use it.
- Surgery: Surgical intervention may sometimes be required to remove the blood clot. Prevention For Acute Pulmonary Embolism You can take several actions to lower your chance of developing PE, including:
- Maintaining a healthy weight and continuing your physical activity.
- Giving up smoking.
- Frequently standing and moving around when seated for an extended period or while on bed rest.
- Taking prescribed blood thinners as directed.
- Improving leg blood flow by donning compression stockings.
- Managing any underlying medical issues, such as diabetes or heart disease Summing up
When to Consult a Doctor
You can also get in touch with the expert Pulmonology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.
Conclusion
In summary, pulmonary embolism is a significant medical illness that must be identified and treated immediately. In addition, it’s crucial to get medical help as soon as possible if you suffer any PE symptoms, such as chest pain, coughing up blood, or shortness of breath. To lower your chance of having PE, lifestyle adjustments and medical care are crucial. This can entail keeping a healthy weight, giving up smoking, and continuing your physical activity. Work closely with your doctor to manage your illness and avoid problems if you have a history of blood clots or are at a high risk of getting them. For example, your doctor can advise blood-thinning drugs, compression stockings, or other treatments to prevent blood clot development. To sum up, pulmonary embolism is a critical ailment that must be identified and treated immediately. If you exhibit any PE symptoms, consult a doctor right away. You can help prevent complications and maintain health by lowering your PE chance and collaborating closely with your doctor.
FAQ’s
Q. What are the symptoms of pulmonary embolism?
A. Sudden shortness of breath, chest pain, rapid heartbeat, bloody coughing, and dizziness or fainting are all signs of pulmonary embolism.
Q. What causes pulmonary embolism?
A. Commonly, a blood clot elsewhere in the body, commonly in the legs, results in pulmonary embolism. A blood clot that enters the pulmonary arteries and becomes lodged there may impede blood flow to the lungs and harm lung tissue. Cancer, surgery, and prolonged immobility are additional risk factors.
Q. How is pulmonary embolism diagnosed?
A. A mix of imaging procedures, including CT scans, chest X-rays, ultrasounds, and blood tests to look for clotting problems, are used to diagnose pulmonary embolism. To evaluate your risk factors for the condition, your doctor may also do a physical examination and check your medical history.
Q. What is the treatment for pulmonary embolism?
A. Blood-thinning drugs are frequently used to treat pulmonary embolisms and other treatments to ease symptoms and stop the formation of new blood clots. However, surgery can sometimes be required to remove a big clot or repair lung tissue damage. Improved breathing may also be achieved by oxygen therapy.
Q. Can pulmonary embolism be prevented?
A. By controlling risk factors like obesity, smoking, and prolonged immobility, pulmonary embolism can be avoided. To stop blood clots from developing, doctors may also prescribe blood-thinning drugs. Compression stockings may be advised for people with limited mobility or those who are bedridden. It’s crucial to talk about prevention measures with your doctor.
Approved and Reviewed by Dr. Shweta Bansal
