Pregnancy is a miraculous journey that brings about numerous changes in a woman's body, including those that affect her oral health. While many expectant mothers are aware of the physical changes that occur during pregnancy, they may be unaware of the significant impact on their dental health.

Due to hormonal fluctuations and dietary changes, pregnancy can create an environment ripe for dental problems, such as cavities. Understanding how to avoid cavities during this critical time is critical for both the mother's and the baby's health.

How Pregnancy Affects Oral Health?

Hormonal fluctuations are important during pregnancy because they affect many aspects of a woman's physiology, including oral health. One notable effect is increased blood flow to the gums, which makes them more sensitive to inflammation. This condition, known as gingivitis, causes swollen, tender, or bleeding gums, especially when brushing and flossing.

Morning sickness, common in many pregnancies, can also contribute to dental issues. The frequent exposure of teeth to stomach acid during vomiting episodes can erode enamel, the protective outer layer of teeth. Enamel erosion weakens the teeth and makes them more susceptible to cavities.

Furthermore, changes in dietary habits during pregnancy can exacerbate the risk of cavities. Cravings for sugary snacks or acidic beverages, coupled with potentially less stringent oral hygiene practices due to morning sickness or fatigue, create an environment conducive to the growth of cavity-causing bacteria.

Importance of Oral Health During Pregnancy

Maintaining optimal oral health during pregnancy is crucial for the mother's well-being and the baby's development. Research suggests a correlation between poor oral health in expectant mothers and adverse pregnancy outcomes, such as premature birth or low birth weight. Untreated dental issues can lead to pain, discomfort, and potential complications, adding unnecessary stress to an already demanding period.

Women who have a lot of cavity-causing bacteria during pregnancy and after delivery could transmit these bacteria from their mouth to the mouth of their baby. Early contact with these bacteria and other sugars, such as from frequent snacking or taking a bottle to bed, can lead to early childhood cavities and the need for extensive dental care at a young age.

Statistics further underscore the importance of addressing oral health during pregnancy:

1 in 4 women of childbearing age have untreated cavities.
Children of mothers who have high levels of untreated cavities or tooth loss are more than three times more likely to have cavities as a child.
Children with poor oral health status are nearly three times more likely to miss school because of dental pain.

How to Prevent Cavities During Pregnancy?

Fortunately, there are proactive steps that expectant mothers can take to minimise the risk of cavities and maintain good oral health throughout pregnancy:

Maintain Excellent Oral Hygiene: Consistent oral hygiene practices are paramount during pregnancy. Brushing teeth twice daily with a soft-bristled toothbrush and fluoride toothpaste helps remove plaque and bacteria that can lead to cavities. Flossing daily is equally important for cleaning between teeth and along the gumline. Incorporating an antimicrobial mouthwash, such as chlorhexidine, can further reduce bacteria levels in the mouth, promoting oral health.

Adopt a Healthy Diet: Mindful eating habits are crucial to oral health during pregnancy. Limiting consumption of sugary and acidic foods and beverages helps protect tooth enamel from erosion and decay. Instead, opt for nutritious, tooth-friendly options such as crunchy fruits and vegetables, calcium-rich dairy products, and lean proteins. Adequate hydration is essential for maintaining saliva production, which helps neutralise acids and remineralise teeth.

Seek Regular Dental Care: Prioritise dental visits before and during pregnancy to address any existing dental issues and prevent new ones from arising. Schedule a comprehensive dental checkup and cleaning early in pregnancy, and attend routine appointments every six months. Inform your dentist about your pregnancy, as specific treatments may need to be modified or postponed until after childbirth. Open communication with your dental provider allows personalised care and guidance tailored to your unique needs.

Conclusion

All healthcare providers, including those in primary, paediatric, and maternity care, should be attentive to oral health in pregnant patients. They can be critical in educating and guiding women through proper oral healthcare practices during pregnancy.

In conclusion, prioritising oral health during pregnancy is a proactive step towards ensuring the well-being of both mother and baby. By practising good oral hygiene, adopting a healthy diet, and seeking regular dental care, expectant mothers can minimise the risk of cavities and other dental problems, promoting a happier, healthier pregnancy journey.

Reference:

https://www.dentalhealth.org/news/oral-health-and-pregnancy-six-things-every-mum-needs-to-know
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC6883753/
https://www.acog.org/clinical/clinical-guidance/committee-opinion/articles/2013/08/oral-health-care-during-pregnancy-and-through-the-lifespan
https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC9518121/
https://www.betterhealth.vic.gov.au/health/healthyliving/pregnancy-and-teeth