Nosebleeds during pregnancy are defined as bleeding from the nasal passages during pregnancy. While usually not a cause for concern, nosebleeds during pregnancy can occur owing to hormonal changes, increased blood flow, and increased sensitivity of the nasal mucosa. These variables may contribute to the development of fragile blood vessels in the nose, increasing the risk of bleeding.

Additionally, changes in blood volume and pressure during pregnancy can further contribute to nosebleeds. While usually mild and self-limiting, pregnant individuals experiencing frequent or prolonged nosebleeds should seek medical evaluation to rule out any underlying issues and ensure the health and well-being of both the mother and the developing foetus.

Causes of Nosebleeds During Pregnancy

Hormonal fluctuations - Changes in hormones during pregnancy may prompt heightened blood flow and widening of blood vessels in the nasal passages, elevating the risk of bleeding.
Increased blood volume - Pregnancy often increases blood volume, exerting pressure on blood vessels throughout the body, including those in the nose.
Nasal congestion—Hormonal shifts and enhanced blood flow to mucous membranes during pregnancy commonly lead to nasal congestion. This congestion can potentially cause irritation and inflammation in the nasal passages, thus triggering nosebleeds.
Dry air—Dry air in Indoor environments and certain seasons can parch the nasal passages, rendering them more susceptible to irritation and bleeding.
Nasal trauma - Unintentional injury or irritation to the nasal passages, such as forceful nose blowing or inserting objects into the nose, may result in nosebleeds during pregnancy.

Prevention Of Nosebleeds During Pregnancy

Moisturise the air: In dry indoor settings, employ a humidifier to add moisture, preventing the nasal passages from drying and becoming irritated.
Stay hydrated: Ensure adequate hydration by drinking water throughout the day to keep the nasal passages moist, reducing susceptibility to irritation and bleeding.
Avoid nasal irritants: Avoid cigarette smoke, potent perfumes, and chemical fumes to prevent nasal irritation and minimise the risk of nosebleeds.
Use saline nasal spray: Regularly apply saline nasal spray to moisturise the nasal passages and relieve dryness, decreasing the likelihood of nosebleeds.
Blow your nose gently: Practise gentle nose blowing to avoid excessive force that could aggravate nasal passages and lead to nosebleeds.
Protect your nose: Exercise caution during activities that could cause nasal trauma, such as contact sports or activities involving potential nose contact with objects.

Treating Nosebleeds during Pregnancy

Managing nosebleeds during pregnancy typically involves conservative measures to control bleeding and prevent recurrence. Here are some treatment options and strategies:

Gentle pressure: When experiencing a nosebleed, sit upright and lean slightly forward. Pinch the soft part of your nose (just below the bony bridge) with your thumb and index finger for about 10-15 minutes. This helps apply gentle pressure to the bleeding vessels and encourages clotting.
Stay hydrated: Drink plenty of water to keep your nasal passages moist. Dry air can exacerbate nosebleeds, so using a humidifier in your bedroom can help add moisture to the air.
Apply saline nasal spray: Using a saline nasal spray or saline nasal gel can help keep your nasal passages moist and reduce dryness, which may decrease the frequency of nosebleeds.
Avoid irritants: Steer clear of irritants such as cigarette smoke, strong chemicals, and pollutants, as these can further dry out your nasal passages and increase the risk of nosebleeds.
Avoid nose picking or blowing forcefully: These actions can irritate the delicate blood vessels in your nose and trigger bleeding. Instead, gently blow your nose without applying excessive force.
Avoid aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs): These medications can increase the risk of bleeding, so it's best to avoid them unless prescribed by your healthcare provider.
Consider a nasal gel or petroleum jelly: Applying a small amount of nasal gel or petroleum jelly to the inside of your nostrils can help moisturise the nasal passages and prevent dryness.

Conclusion

Hormonal changes, increased blood volume, and nasal irritation often cause nosebleeds during pregnancy. To prevent nosebleeds, it's essential to humidify the air, stay hydrated, and avoid nasal irritants. Using saline nasal spray and blowing your nose gently can also help. By taking these preventive measures, pregnant individuals can reduce the likelihood of experiencing nosebleeds and ensure a more comfortable pregnancy journey.