Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) injuries involve damage to the ligament on the inner side of the knee, often resulting from trauma or excessive stress. These injuries can vary in severity, classified by grades based on the extent and severity of ligament damage. Common symptoms include pain, swelling, and instability in the knee joint.

MCL injuries can cause significant pain, especially during activities that involve side-to-side movement or pressure on the inner knee. Patients may experience walking, running, or sports limitations due to pain and instability. Restrictions in range of motion and daily activities are common, highlighting the importance of timely and appropriate intervention to alleviate pain and regain functional knee stability.

MCL injuries

Keep reading to know more about the common causes, symptoms, treatment options, and prevention.

Common Causes of MCL Injuries

Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) Injuries are often caused by various factors, such as

Twisting or hyperextension of the knee joint.
Road accidents cause forceful impact to the knee.
Accidental falls that result in direct trauma to the inner side of the knee.
Sudden impact or collision during sports such as skiing or football.
Repetitive stress or overuse of the knees, particularly in activities involving frequent changes in direction, such as exercising.

Symptoms of MCL Injuries

Here are the most common symptoms of an MCL injury:

Pain along the inner side of the knee.
Swelling and tenderness in the affected area.
Instability in the knee.
Bruising on the inner side of the knee in more severe cases.
Audible popping or snapping sounds at the time of injury.
Restricted range of motion, particularly during bending or straightening movements.

Identifying symptoms and recognising and timely addressing medial collateral ligament (MCL) injuries is crucial, allowing for timely intervention and optimal recovery.

Treatment for MCL Injuries

To treat MCL, doctors first conduct a thorough diagnosis that relies on physical examination and imaging studies to determine the appropriate course of treatment, which may range from non-surgical approaches to surgical interventions in more severe cases:

Non-Surgical Interventions

R.I.C.E - Rest, Ice, Compression, and Elevation for relieving pain
Physical Therapy- Practising therapeutic exercises, improving range of motion, strengthening surrounding muscles, and enhancing knee stability.
Knee Braces- Application of knee braces or supports to provide external stability and restrict excessive side-to-side movement, helping protect and heal the MCL.
Medications- Prescribing non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) to alleviate pain and reduce inflammation associated with MCL injuries. Also, some doctors may advise short-term use of analgesics to manage pain while the MCL heals.

Surgical Interventions

Surgical interventions for treating MCL include surgery after a thorough evaluation of the patient's medical history, clinical symptoms, and imaging studies to determine the necessity for surgical intervention. Common indications for surgery include severe MCL tears, their location, severity requiring surgical attention, or failure of conservative measures to restore knee stability.

Your surgeon may utilise techniques such as suture repair or reconstruction, focusing on restoring anatomical alignment and functional stability of the MCL. Depending on the knee joint condition, they may consider adjunct procedures, such as meniscal or ligamentous repairs.

Prevention from MCL Injuries

Preventing Medial Collateral Ligament (MCL) injuries involves a multifaceted approach that addresses modifiable risk factors and proactive measures. Athletes and individuals engaging in physical activities should prioritise proper warm-up routines, including dynamic stretches, to enhance joint flexibility and reduce strain on the MCL.

Utilising appropriate protective gear, such as knee braces, during high-risk activities provides additional support. Employing correct techniques and body mechanics in sports and physical exercises helps minimise the risk of movements that can strain the MCL. Strength training for the muscles surrounding the knee, particularly the quadriceps and hamstrings, enhances overall joint stability.

Furthermore, maintaining a healthy body weight reduces undue stress on the knee joints. Regular conditioning, cross-training, and gradual progression in physical activities contribute to well-rounded prevention, developing robust strength against MCL injuries and promoting long-term knee health.

Conclusion

MCL surgery, repair, and treatment strategies are crucial in addressing knee pain and injuries associated with Medial Collateral Ligament issues. Medical interventions, whether surgical or non-surgical, aim to restore stability, alleviate pain, and facilitate a gradual return to normal activities. With a focus on early diagnosis, comprehensive rehabilitation, and preventive measures, individuals can surpass the challenges of MCL injuries with a higher likelihood of successful recovery and sustained knee health.

Frequently Asked Questions About MCL Surgery

Q1. Does MCL heal fully?
A1. Yes, with correct medical intervention and adherence to the post-operative care measures, your MCL will heal completely, and you will be able to get back to your normal lives within 2-4 months.

Q2. Can I walk with a torn MCL?
A2. Walking with a torn MCL may be possible, but it often causes pain and instability in the knees.

Q3. How long will my knee hurt after MCL surgery?
A3. The pain will persist upto 6-8 weeks post surgery. However, it may take 2-3 months for you to get back in motion.

Q4. Can I bend my knee after a MCL surgery?
A4. Post surgery, you need to follow the postoperative measures recommended by your doctor to avoid any kind of strain to your knees. You will be able to carry knee movements gradually, and your physical therapist will guide you through a structured rehabilitation program.

Q5. What causes MCL injury?
A5. MCL injuries are caused by excessive pressures or stress to the knee joints and surrounding region resulting in partial or complete tear of the ligament.

Reference:

https://www.accesssportsmed.com/mcl-surgery/
https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/21979-mcl-tear