The primary function of the lungs is to facilitate the exchange of oxygen and carbon dioxide in the body. Through the process of diffusion, the lungs remove carbon dioxide, a byproduct of daily metabolic activities, from the body and collect oxygen from the air, which is then transported to the bloodstream to supply every cell in the body.

Lung Problems

1. Infectious Diseases: As the lungs are directly exposed to the air, they re susceptible to infections caused by viruses, bacteria, fungi, or tuberculosis bacteria. These infections affect the airways and alveoli.

2. Inflammatory Diseases: Conditions like asthma and COPD directly affect the airways and alveoli. Asthma is reversible, while COPD is primarily irreversible and can be progressive in some cases.

3. Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): This condition causes the lungs to become stiff and lose their elasticity.

4. Cancer:

a. Small cell carcinoma is a highly aggressive form of cancer that spreads rapidly.

b. Non-small cell carcinoma, on the other hand, can be treatable if detected at an early stage.

5. Apart from these, lung problems can also arise in the blood vessels, such as pulmonary arteries, or in the lung lining.

Symptoms

● Cough - dry or productive (with phlegm)

● Shortness of breath, wheezing sound

● Chest pain, tightness

● Coughing up blood

Diagnosis

● X-rays

● Blood tests

● Sputum tests

● Lung function tests

● CT scans and CT-guided biopsies

● USG and guided procedures

● Bronchoscopy

Treatment

● Asthma and COPD: The primary treatment involves inhaled bronchodilators.

● Infections: Appropriate medications are prescribed based on the type of infection.

● Cancer: Effective anti-cancer treatments are available, and accurate diagnosis, staging, and assessment of disease extent are crucial.

● Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD): While there is no definitive cure, recent advancements include the use of anti-fibrotic medications.

● Pulmonary rehabilitation is highly beneficial for improving lung capacity.

● Intensive Care Unit (ICU) treatments, including oxygen support and BiPAP, have significantly reduced mortality rates. Ventilation support can also be lifesaving.

● In cases of airway obstruction, therapeutic bronchoscopy is performed using bronchoscopy to remove mucus plugs.

To Keep Lungs Healthy

● Protect your lungs from environmental pollution, dust, smoke, and allergens.

● Quit smoking entirely.

● Wear a mask if you have symptoms of an infectious disease.

● Eat fresh fruits and antioxidant-rich foods.

● If you have a lung condition, follow your doctor's advice.

● Get vaccinated against influenza and pneumococcal disease as recommended.

● Engage in regular exercise, such as walking for 20-30 minutes.

● Be aware of lung function and take steps to prevent lung diseases.

● Adopt healthy habits from birth to maintain lung health.

● During pregnancy, avoid direct and indirect smoking. If there's a vitamin D deficiency, supplements may be necessary. A balanced diet supports fetal development. Preventing premature birth is crucial, as it can increase the risk of lung diseases.