Overview

Lithotripsy is a medical procedure used for treating kidney stones. When minerals and other substances in the urine crystallise, they form kidney stones. Some stones can be small, sharp-edged, smooth, and heavier. The smaller stones usually exit from your body during urination.

However, larger stones might not naturally pass through urination, and this might cause damage to the kidneys. For these specific cases, your doctor may recommend Lithotripsy. Through this comprehensive guide, you will understand Lithotripsy's purpose, procedure, and risks.

Purpose of Lithotripsy

Lithotripsy is a non-invasive procedure to alleviate the symptoms associated with kidney stones by breaking them into smaller pieces. Fragmenting the larger stones into smaller ones using Lithotripsy facilitates the passage for the stones to exit from your body through the urinary tract.

Lithotripsy Procedure

There are different methods to perform lithotripsy. These methods include

Endoscopic Lithotripsy

A thin, flexible tube is inserted into the urinary tract to access the kidney stone directly. It helps to visualise the stone.
Once the stone is visualised using various instruments the stone is fragmented into smaller pieces.
This procedure is often performed under general anaesthesia or sedation and may require a hospital stay for recovery.

Laser lithotripsy

Under laser lithotripsy a ureteroscope equipped with a laser fibre is inserted into the urethra to reach the location of the stone in the kidney.
The laser fibre sends energy pulses to the targeted area in the kidney, fragmenting the larger stone into smaller pieces.
There are two options to remove the stones under this process. One removes the stones using a retrieval device, and the other lets it pass naturally through the urinary tract.
Being a minimally invasive method, it does not require general anaesthesia and can be performed on an outpatient basis.

Extracorporeal shock wave lithotripsy (ESWL)

Patients lie on a cushioned table, and a specialised machine delivers shock waves externally to the location of the kidney stone.
These shock waves penetrating the body target the kidney stone, causing it to break into smaller fragments.
The fragmented stones then pass through the urinary tract easily.
Because this process is non-invasive, it does not require anaesthesia or sedation. It is usually performed as an outpatient procedure.

Risks of Lithotripsy

While lithotripsy is generally considered safe and effective, it carries certain risks and potential complications that patients should be aware of:

Bruising or discomfort at the treatment site: Following ESWL, patients may experience bruising or discomfort in the area where the shock waves were applied.
Fragmented stones: After Lithotripsy, patients may pass small stone fragments in their urine, which can cause discomfort or irritation.
Bleeding or infection: In rare cases, Lithotripsy may cause bleeding or infection in the urinary tract.
Failure to completely fragment the stone: Some kidney stones may be resistant to Lithotripsy and may require additional treatment or surgical intervention.

Conclusion

Lithotripsy is a valuable treatment option for individuals suffering from kidney stones, offering a non-invasive approach to stone removal. By breaking down kidney stones into smaller fragments, lithotripsy can alleviate symptoms, prevent complications, and reduce the need for surgical procedures. However, patients should be aware of lithotripsy's potential risks and complications and discuss them with their healthcare provider before undergoing the procedure. With proper evaluation, monitoring, and medical guidance, lithotripsy can provide effective relief for patients with kidney stones, improving their quality of life and overall well-being.

References:

https://www.healthline.com/health/lithotripsy#outlook
https://www.kidney.org/atoz/content/lithotripsy
https://www.rghospitals.com/blog/lithotripsy-treatment-for-kidney-stones
https://www.netmeds.com/health-library/post/lithotripsy-purpose-procedure-and-risks