Knee degeneration has become a common issue, often progressing to a point where knee replacement surgery is the only viable option. As people age, the knee joint naturally wears out, leading to osteoarthritis. Women are more susceptible to this condition than men. Knee degeneration is categorized into four grades (1-4), with Grade 4 being the most advanced stage, typically requiring knee replacement surgery. This surgery is usually recommended when medications, physiotherapy, and exercises fail to provide relief. In some cases, knee degeneration can occur at a younger age due to conditions like rheumatoid arthritis, where patients may reach Grade 4 knee problems as early as 40 or 50 years old.

Knee degeneration is often accompanied by noticeable symptoms, such as knee deformity, where the knee may bend inward or outward, and limited mobility. Patients experience pain while walking, which gradually worsens over time, often requiring regular pain medication. Pain is typically more severe in rheumatoid arthritis compared to osteoarthritis. Additionally, patients may struggle to stand up from a seated position. When patients present with these symptoms, an X-ray of the knee is usually performed to check for any gaps or joint space narrowing. Knee replacement surgery is often recommended when there is significant joint space loss, particularly in the inner or outer compartments of the knee. The decision to undergo knee replacement surgery is based on a comprehensive evaluation, including the patient's level of discomfort, failure of conservative treatments like medication and exercise, and increasing reliance on painkillers. A thorough assessment is crucial before recommending knee replacement surgery.

There are two types of knee replacement surgeries: partial and total knee replacement. Knee replacement is not an emergency surgery, but rather a lifestyle modification surgery that requires mental preparation. Counseling may be necessary to overcome fear and anxiety. Before the surgery, patients undergo various tests to assess their physical condition, including diabetes, blood pressure, heart health, and other factors. In most cases, the surgery is performed under spinal anesthesia. Robotic knee replacement surgery has revolutionized the field, offering greater precision and accuracy.

Knee replacement surgery is generally a safe procedure with minimal complications. Patients don't need to stay in bed for long periods after surgery. In fact, walking with the help of a walker and physiotherapy can begin the very next day. After 2-3 weeks, patients can transition from a walker to a stick, and one and half to 2 months, they can walk without any support. Post-operative physiotherapy is crucial for knee flexion and pain relief. Pain typically subsides within 5-6 weeks. After surgery, patients are advised to avoid certain positions, such as squatting, but otherwise, there are no significant restrictions. While it's common to replace both knees simultaneously in physically fit patients, those with underlying health issues or older adults may have their surgeries staged. The ideal age for knee replacement surgery is between 60-70 years, but it can be performed at a younger age if necessary. If the implants wear out after 20-25 years, revision knee replacement surgery can be performed without any major issues. Knee replacement surgery can be a game-changer for individuals struggling with mobility and obesity due to knee problems. With modern advancements, patients can confidently undergo surgery and regain their quality of life.