Gynaecological cancers, also referred to as gynae cancers, are commonly occurring cancers in women’s reproductive organs. There are more than five types of gynae cancers, of which 3 are most common in terms of prevalence and the need for awareness: cervical cancer, ovarian cancer, and endometrial (uterine) cancer.

In this article, we will discover comprehensive insights about the three most important gynae cancers that every woman should know. Let's get started!

3 Most-Important Gynae Cancers
Cervical Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths
Ovarian Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths
Endometrial Uterine Cancer: Symptoms, Prevention, and Myths
Who Should Consider Regular Screenings and Checkups?
Prioritising Prevention and Awareness
Whom to Consult
Frequently Asked Questions About Gynaecological Cancers

Cervical Cancer

Cervical Cancer is caused by the Human papillomavirus (HPV), which is a sexually transmitted virus. It develops in the cervix, which is the lower part of the vagina. Let us understand the symptoms and other important information related to Cervical cancer.

Symptoms:

Major Cervical cancer symptoms include:

Abnormal vaginal bleeding either between the period cycle, after intercourse, or post-menopause.
Persistent pain in the pelvic area
Pain in the pelvic area during intercourse
Unusual vaginal discharge that is either bloody, watery, or foul-smelling

Cervical Cancer Prevention Tips:

HPV Vaccination is the most effective approach to prevent cervical cancer. This vaccine can be given until 26 years old.
Regular Pap Smears and HPV tests for early detection
Safe sex practices such as limiting the number of sexual partners and always using a condom while having intercourse.

Myths:

Debunking the myths associated with Cervical Cancer:

Myth 1: A negative Pap Smear test means that you will never get or are free from Cervical cancer.
Fact. A negative Pap Smear may not necessarily mean you are free from Cervical Cancer or confirm a lifetime immunity. You may be currently free from abnormal cell growth, but abnormalities can develop later in life. Always get your routine screening tests as a proactive approach.

Myth 2: HPV only develops or affects sexually active women.
Fact. HPV can affect anyone who has ever been sexually active. The virus can remain dormant for years, making timely vaccination and screening super-important for all women.

Ovarian Cancer

Ovarian Cancer, also referred to as the ‘silent killer’, is a life-threatening cancer which is often diagnosed in the later stages of life. This cancer majorly affects ovaries, and its vague symptoms are usually mistaken for common gastrointestinal issues. Let’s understand more about the cervical cancer:

Symptoms:

Major Ovarian cancer symptoms include:

Persistent abdominal bloating accompanied by intense swelling and discomfort
Persistent pain in the lower abdomen or pelvic area
Loss of appetite or difficulty eating
Feeling unusually tired
Constant feelings of fatigue
Noticeable changes in bowel habits, such as diarrhoea or constipation
Changes in urination patterns

Ovarian Cancer Prevention Tips:

Long-term use of oral contraceptives reduces the risk of ovarian cancer
Regular pelvic exams
Genetic testing, such as BRCA1 and BRCA2 mutations, especially for women with a family history of ovarian or breast cancers.
Maintaining a healthy weight and consuming a nutrient-rich diet.
Avoiding unhealthy habits like smoking

Myths:

Debunking the myths associated with Ovarian Cancer:

Myth 1: Only older women get diagnosed with Ovarian Cancer.

Fact. Ovarian cancer can develop in any woman, irrespective of age. While postmenopausal women are more prone to Ovarian Cancer, young menstruating women, especially those with genetic predispositions, can also develop the same.

Myth 2: Ovarian cancer always reflects the symptoms.

Fact. The symptoms of Ovarian cancer can be easily overlooked with normal, making this a disease which is often diagnosed in the later stages.

Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer

Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer is the most common gynaecological cancer and develops in the lining of the uterus, called endometrium. This cancer is common among postmenopausal women or those with a history of certain cancers. Let’s understand more about Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer:

Symptoms:

Major Endometrial cancer symptoms include:

Post-menopausal bleeding
Irregular or heavy bleeding between the periods
Pelvic pain, especially during intercourse
Unexplained weight loss

Endometrial Cancer Prevention Tips:

Maintaining a healthy weight. Excess weight can cause high oestrogen levels, leading to abnormal cell growth in the endometrium.
Women undergoing Hormone Replacement Therapy (HRT) should discuss the risk factors with the doctor, as high levels of oestrogen can increase the risk of endometrial (uterine) cancer.
Regular health checkups by a professional.
Women with a history of Lynch syndrome and other hereditary conditions should undergo regular screenings or genetic testing.

Myths:

Debunking the myths associated with Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer:

Myth 1: Postmenopausal bleeding is normal

Fact. Postmenopausal bleeding should not be considered normal and be evaluated immediately by an expert healthcare professional.

Myth 2: Only overweight women are prone to Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer.

Fact. Obesity is a major risk factor in women for a range of gynae cancers. However, Endometrial cancer can develop in women of any body type.

Regular Screenings and Checkups

Who Should Consider Regular Screenings and Checkups?

Regular screenings and checkups by a healthcare professional are extremely important for safeguarding women's health and timely prevention against common occurring cancers. Below are the women's age categories and tests they should undergo:

Women above 21 should undergo regular Pap Smear tests, especially those with a family history or associated risk factors.
Women over 50 should undergo routine pelvic exams as they have a higher risk of ovarian or endometrial cancers.
Sexually active women must undergo regular HPV screenings. It is also advisable to always follow safe sexual practices.
Women with a family history of any gynaecological cancers must undergo regular screening and tests, particularly for mutations in the BRCA1, BRCA2, and Lynch syndrome genes.
Post-menopausal women, especially those with abnormal vaginal bleeding, should undergo regular screening tests.
Any woman experiencing unusual symptoms—such as abnormal vaginal bleeding, persistent pelvic pain, or changes in bowel or urinary habits—should seek immediate medical attention, regardless of age or prior health history.

Also, please note that women who are overweight, smoke, or lead sedentary lifestyles may be at higher risk for certain gynae cancers, particularly endometrial and ovarian cancer.

Prioritising Prevention and Awareness

Cancer screening is extremely important for every woman to steer clear of the risk factors associated with gynaecological cancers. Education campaigns can help women recognise the signs of gynaecological cancers and understand the importance of routine checkups. Women's cancer awareness enables early cancer detection and targeted treatment. By prioritising prevention and awareness, women can make informed choices, leading to better health outcomes, enhanced gynaecological health, and improved quality of life.

Whom to Consult

Women who encounter abnormal vaginal bleeding, changes in bowel habits, frequent or abnormal urination, pelvic pain or other common symptoms must immediately consult an experienced healthcare professional for a comprehensive evaluation.

It is advisable to avoid self-diagnosing or ignoring symptoms. SCHEDULE A CONSULTATION TODAY for comprehensive diagnosis and personalised treatment plans.

Please note: The more you will delay, the more it will increase the risk of complications.

Don't delay— Call us @ 08068617735

Frequently Asked Questions About Gynae Cancers

Q. What are the five gynaecological cancers?
A. Cervical, Ovarian, Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer, Vaginal, and Vulvar are the five gynaecological cancers.

Q. What are gynaecological cancers in pregnancy?
A. The cancers that develop during the pregnancy are 1 in every 1000 pregnancies.

Q. What are rare gynaecological cancers?
A. The rare gynaecological cancers include:

Ovarian carcinosarcoma
Low-grade epithelial ovarian cancer
Uterine serous cancer
Gestational trophoblastic tumours
Germ-cell ovarian tumours

Q. Which gynaecological cancers are 100% curable?|
A. Cervical cancer is often 100% curable when detected early and treated appropriately by the expert healthcare professional.

Ref links:

https://axiawh.com/resources/what-every-woman-should-know-about-gynecologic-cancers/
https://www.cancerresearchuk.org/about-cancer/womens-cancer

Table of Contents

Cervical Cancer

Debunking the myths associated with Cervical Cancer:

Ovarian Cancer

Endometrial (Uterine) Cancer

Who Should Consider Regular Screenings and Checkups?

Prioritising Prevention and Awareness

Whom to Consult

Frequently Asked Questions About Gynae Cancers