Overview

The thyroid gland, a butterfly-shaped structure in the neck, consists of two lobes connected by a narrow isthmus. It produces hormones - thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) - that regulate metabolism, growth, and development. These hormones influence various body functions, including energy levels, heart rate, and temperature regulation.

Excess secretion of hormones by the gland is termed Hyperthyroidism, and lower secretion of hormones by the glands is known as Hypothyroidism. The condition is usually found in 1 out of 3 women. It can happen due to a family history of the disease, inappropriate lifestyle, and other medical conditions.

The hormonal issue can be characterised by weight gain, tiredness, puffy face and eyes, and other similar problems. Doctors advise exercising for at least 20 to 30 minutes a day to avoid the side effects of the hormonal issue.

Causes of Hypothyroidism

- Autoimmune Disease is a medical condition in which the immune system makes antibodies damaging the healthy tissues. The process may also involve the hormone-producing gland and hamper its functioning. The affected individual faces hormonal imbalance and the devastating factors of the same.
- Thyroid Surgery- Removing a part or the whole gland is also one of the reasons for low hormones in the body. The surgery can lower the ability of the gland to produce an adequate amount of hormones leading to different health issues such as weight gain, facial hair, hoarse voice, irregular heartbeat, and other similar symptoms.
- Radiation Therapy- It involves the use of radiation beams to kill cancerous cells in the part of the body damaged due to cancer. The radiation beams used for treating cancer in the head or neck can impair the functioning of the thyroid and lead to hormonal issues. People who undergo such form surgeries are more prone to hormonal issues.
- Infection- Infection in the hormone-making gland is also one of the causes of the disease. An infection, a medical disorder, or gland inflammation can lead to the sudden release of hormones later, leading to Hypothyroidism. Various medical problems can verify the condition.
- Pregnancy- Pregnancy is also one of the causes of hormonal imbalance disorder. If the medical condition is not treated with the required medications, the affected mother may face health problems such as high blood pressure or pregnancy loss. It may also harm the developing fetus.
- Medications- Certain medications, such as lithium or amiodarone, can disrupt thyroid function.
- Congenital Factors- Some infants are born with underdeveloped thyroid glands.
- Iodine Deficiency- Insufficient dietary iodine can impair hormone synthesis.
- Pituitary Gland Disorders- Dysfunction in the pituitary gland can affect thyroid hormone regulation.

Symptoms of Hypothyroidism

- Weight Gain- Sudden weight gain is one of the major and initial signs of hormonal imbalance disorder. It happens due to the increased appetite observed, leading to the consumption of more calories. Doctors advise exercising daily to maintain a healthy body weight for proper gland functioning. Slow metabolism leading to less fat burn is also the prime cause of weight gain.
- Tiredness- Tiredness is another symptom of the disease. It happens due to low metabolism, leading to inadequate energy production, making the affected feel tired and lazy. One may also feel passive and have low energy for physical activity or routine functions. Daily exercising is advised by doctors to get rid of such symptoms.
- Low-Temperature Intolerance- People suffering from low hormonal secretion are also intolerant to low temperatures. It happens due to low metabolism and less energy to bear cold temperatures. People with such issues also feel they need help to live in places with low temperatures.
- Coarse Hair- The hormonal imbalance disrupts the production of T3 and T4 hormones. One may experience extreme hair fall or rough hair growth. Thick facial hair or scare eyebrows are some of the symptoms of the health condition.

Treatment for Hypothyroidism

- Exercising- Weight gain is one of the most significant symptoms of hormonal issues. If the case is not handled correctly, one may experience health problems such as tiredness, low energy, and lethargy. To avoid all these symptoms, it is advisable by doctors to exercise daily for at least 20 to 30 minutes a day. Though one may not be able to devote time for a proper workout in a gym, a 45-minute brisk walk or jogging can also help control the increasing weight.
- Changes in Diet- Diet also plays a vital role under such medical conditions. It is advised to replace unhealthy, fried, and oily food with healthy and nutritious food items. One should also lower the unnecessary munching habit, which is one of the significant reasons for weight gain. Including selenium, iodine, and greens in the diet is advised for a proper and healthy balance. It is also recommended to cut sugar for better and quick healing results.
- Medication- Medicine to control hypothyroidism, such as Levothyroxine, helps to give immediate results. The dosage of the medicine is balanced based on the blood tests performed after every 6 to 8 weeks. It helps to manage the dosage of the drug and decide the required changes to make in the diet to see effective results.
- Stress Management- Practice stress-reduction techniques such as meditation and yoga.
- Adequate Sleep- Ensure sufficient sleep for optimal health.
- Limit Soy and Cruciferous Vegetables- Excessive consumption can affect thyroid function.
- Pregnancy Management- Pregnant individuals may require adjusted medication doses.

When to Consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Endicrinology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

Hypothyroidism is a hormonal imbalance observed when the gland produces less than required hormones. It can be identified by symptoms such as weight gain, tiredness, fatigue, and increased appetite. The condition can be cured with the help of medications and healthy lifestyle changes.

Reference Links

- https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/irregular-menstrual-cycles-causes-symptoms-and-treatment-options/
- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/hypothyroidism/symptoms-causes/syc-20350284