Human papillomavirus (HPV) is one of the most widespread sexually transmitted infections, yet many women are unaware of its connection to cervical cancer and the steps they can take to protect themselves. The unsettling reality is that most women contract HPV at some point, yet awareness about its long-term risks remains low.

The fear of an unexpected diagnosis, combined with uncertainty about prevention, leaves many women vulnerable and unprepared. With proper vaccination, regular Pap smears, and HPV tests, one can significantly reduce the risk, offering women control over their health.

In this blog, we’ll break down what every woman needs to know about HPV and cervical cancer - from understanding the risks and symptoms to exploring prevention methods such as vaccination and regular screenings.

What is HPV?
How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer?
Risk Factors for HPV and Cervical Cancer
Symptoms of Cervical Cancer
Prevention of HPV and Cervical Cancer
Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer
Did You Know?
Myths and Facts
Conclusion
When to Consult a Doctor?
Frequently Asked Questions

What is HPV?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) consists of over 200 distinct viruses, many of which are harmless and resolve on their own without causing health problems. However, certain high-risk strains, notably HPV 16 and HPV 18, are linked to an increased risk of cancer. While most HPV infections are transient and asymptomatic, long-term infections with these high-risk types can contribute to the development of cervical cancer and other related conditions over time.

How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer?

HPV targets the cells of the cervix, the narrow, lower portion of the uterus that connects with the vagina. When the immune system fails to eliminate the virus, it can trigger irregularities in the cervical cells. If these abnormal changes persist and remain unaddressed, they may gradually progress over many years or even decades, potentially leading to the development of cervical cancer.

How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer?

Risk Factors for HPV and Cervical Cancer

Several risk factors increase the likelihood of infection and cancer development:

Multiple sexual partners
Early sexual activity
Weakened immune system
Smoking
Long-term use of oral contraceptives
Lack of regular screening

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Here are some noticeable symptoms of cervical cancer:

Unusual vaginal bleeding (between periods, after intercourse, or post-menopause)
Pelvic pain or discomfort
Pain during intercourse
Unexplained weight loss
Fatigue
Persistent vaginal discharge with a strong odour or blood

Prevention of HPV and Cervical Cancer

Here are some key strategies for preventing HPV and cervical cancer:

Vaccination: The most effective way to prevent HPV infection is through vaccination. HPV vaccines are highly effective in preventing the types of HPV that cause most cervical cancers.
Safe sex practices: Practising safe sex, such as consistent and correct condom use, can reduce the risk of HPV transmission.
Regular screening: Cervical cancer screening, such as Pap smears and HPV tests, can help detect precancerous changes in the cervix early, and allows for timely intervention and treatment.
Healthy lifestyle: Maintaining a healthy lifestyle, including a balanced diet rich in fruits and vegetables, regular physical activity, and avoiding exposure to harmful chemicals, can also contribute to overall health and potentially reduce the risk of cervical cancer.

Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

If diagnosed early, cervical cancer is highly treatable. Treatment options include:

Surgery: Removing cancerous tissues or the cervix itself.
Radiation therapy: Using high-energy rays to kill cancer cells.
Chemotherapy: Using drugs to target and destroy cancer cells.
Targeted therapy and immunotherapy: Newer treatments that enhance the body’s ability to fight cancer.

Did You Know?

Human papillomavirus (HPV) is the leading cause of cervical cancer, with persistent infections potentially leading to abnormal cell changes in the cervix over time.
Routine screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests act as powerful tools to uncover early warning signs of cervical cancer, offering a crucial opportunity to intervene before the condition progresses.

Myths & Facts

Myth 1: HPV only affects sexually active women.
Fact: While HPV is primarily spread through sexual contact, it can also affect individuals who have never been sexually active. HPV can be contracted through other forms of skin-to-skin contact, and most people will get it at some point in their lives.

Myth 2: Only older women need to worry about HPV and cervical cancer.
Fact: HPV can affect women of all ages, including younger women. It’s essential to start getting regular Pap smears and HPV tests at the age recommended by your healthcare provider, regardless of your age.

Myth 3: Cervical cancer is inevitable if you have HPV.
Fact: Most HPV infections go away on their own and do not cause cervical cancer. Only a small percentage of persistent HPV infections can lead to cervical cancer, making regular screening and follow-up essential for early detection and prevention.

Conclusion

Understanding the link between HPV and cervical cancer is crucial for every woman. While HPV is a common virus, most infections do not lead to cancer due to the body’s ability to clear it naturally. Regular screenings such as Pap smears and HPV tests are crucial in detecting abnormal changes early, which can be treated effectively before they progress to cancer.

When to Consult a Doctor?

Seek medical attention if you experience unusual vaginal bleeding, pain during intercourse, or abnormal discharge.

If you have been diagnosed with HPV, regular screenings and follow-up appointments are crucial for early detection and prevention of cervical cancer.

Schedule a consultation today with our leading Gynaecology Oncology Department for comprehensive diagnosis and care— Call us @08068617735

References

https://www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/cervical-cancer
https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/cervical-cancer/symptoms-causes/syc-20352501.

Table of Contents

What is HPV?

How HPV Causes Cervical Cancer?

Risk Factors for HPV and Cervical Cancer

Symptoms of Cervical Cancer

Prevention of HPV and Cervical Cancer

Treatment Options for Cervical Cancer

Did You Know?

Myths & Facts

Conclusion

When to Consult a Doctor?