Outline:
A human spinal cord is the central soft nerve controlling part covered under thick bony vertebrae. This, of course, is for protection perspective as injury to the spinal cord can result in paralysis for life. Now between any two vertebras, there lays a small cushion called Disc. At disc level, the spinal cord progresses nerve roots that supply to the whole body enforcing sensation and motor activity.
Each disc comprises of central soft part and outer rubbery part. When this soft inner part herniates out of the outer rubbery part due to any external/internal cause, it is known as Herniated or Slipped Disc or Disc Prolapse or Prolapsed Inter Vertebral Disc. Herniated disc commonly occurs in the back (between lumbar vertebrae 4 and 5) because that part of the body is most prone to wear and tear. This herniated disc might compress the nerve root coming from subsequent vertebrae. The nerve compression can further result in:
The symptoms vary from none to all to a combination of a few depending on the extent of herniation.
Triggering Factors:
Causes:
A herniated disc is mostly caused by age-related wear and tear causing disc degeneration. In some cases, brittle bones or osteoporosis can also lead to PIVD. As age advances your body undergoes gradual wear and tear making back stiff and prone even to a minor strain.
Similarly while performing heavy weight lifting, vocationally or in the gym, a person may use a wrong technique and wrong muscles to endure weight which may cause abnormal strain on the back thus resulting in PIVD.
In extremely rare cases a trauma can also result in a herniated disc.
Prevention:
Prevention is very necessary for the people carrying out active to very active lifestyles, especially sports-people and heavy-weight carriers. There is a correct way to perform a specific heavy activity, which we will discuss here.
Dr. Anurag Saxena, Senior Consultant Neurosurgery, Spine Surgery, Narayana Superspeciality Hospital, Gurugram
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