Overview

Haemorrhoids are a medical condition in which the affected individual faces swelling of the rectum or anal veins. The disease is painful and can disturb the patient's routine activities. The root cause of the disease is still not clear to the researchers. But certain health symptoms and medical conditions can help to identify the disease. An individual affected by haemorrhoids might feel uneasy about passing stools, sitting comfortably, or facing issues performing other routine activities.

Haemorrhoids are stated as a normal medical issue with 4 cases out of 5. Hence, the patient should not be worried or over-hyped about the haemorrhoid symptoms. But at the same time, the patient should also pay attention to the early signs of the disease and begin the treatment as soon as possible. It helps to resolve the issue with the help of medications and non-surgical treatments. If the health issues caused due to haemorrhoids are neglected and the treatment is procrastinated, one might have to get the condition operated on. Diagnosis of the disease depends upon the patient's condition and involves multiple procedures to identify the root cause.

Haemorrhoids, or piles, can be caused by various factors. One of the most common causes of haemorrhoids is excessive straining during bowel movements, which increases pressure on the rectal veins. Chronic constipation or diarrhoea, obesity, pregnancy, ageing, sedentary lifestyle, heavy lifting, hereditary factors and anal intercourse can also contribute to this health issue. Some common symptoms of haemorrhoids are rectal bleeding (bright red blood on toilet paper or stool), anal itching, pain or discomfort during bowel movements, visible swelling or lumps around the anus, anal leakage, and difficulty cleaning after bowel movements. Discomfort during prolonged sitting can also be experienced. The severity and combination of symptoms may vary among individuals. Medical evaluation is recommended for proper diagnosis and treatment if symptoms persist or worsen.

Diagnosis of Hemorrhoids

Mentioned below are some of the steps that can help in the diagnosis of the disease:

- - Medical History- Medical history of the disease plays a vital role in further treatment. It helps the doctor to study the patient's health history and identify the root cause of the disease. The doctor will ask about symptoms, including the duration, frequency, and severity of rectal bleeding, pain, or discomfort. In the case of haemorrhoids, a patient's medical history can help identify the patient's diet pattern, bowel habits, consumption of any laxative product, and other vital information.
  - Physical Exam- A doctor performs certain physical examinations to identify the symptoms of the disease. A doctor may check the anal area to identify any swelling, skin irritation, blood clots in veins, leakage of any mucus, or anal fissures. They may also use a gloved, lubricated finger to perform a digital rectal examination (DRE) to check for internal haemorrhoids and assess the condition of the rectal wall.
  - Anoscopy- Anoscopy is the procedure to check the lining of the lower rectum and anus with the help of an anoscope. It involves inserting a short, lighted tube called an anoscope into the rectum to visualise the internal haemorrhoids and assess the lower rectal area. The procedure helps to identify the swelling or any tear of tissues near the anal area. It also helps to identify any swelling of the veins. The procedure helps the doctor identify the digestive tract issues leading to haemorrhoids.
  - Sigmoidoscopy- Sigmoidoscopy is a similar procedure that uses a long, flexible tube (sigmoidoscope) to examine the lower portion of the large intestine.
  - Rigid Proctosigmoidoscopy- It is a procedure similar to anoscopy. The instrument used to perform the procedure is known as a proctoscope. It helps to have a detailed look at the anal and colon lining to identify digestive tract issues triggering haemorrhoid symptoms.
  - Additional tests- In case of serious concerns about other potential causes of rectal bleeding or if the symptoms are severe, the doctor may recommend additional tests. These tests may include a colonoscopy to evaluate the entire colon or other imaging studies such as an ultrasound or MRI to assess the blood flow and detect any abnormalities.

It's important to note that the diagnosis of haemorrhoids is primarily clinical, based on the examination findings and medical history. However, additional tests may be necessary to rule out other underlying conditions or to evaluate the extent of the haemorrhoidal condition. Always consult a healthcare professional for an accurate diagnosis and appropriate treatment plan.

When to Consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Gastroenterology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

Different types of diagnosis to identify haemorrhoids help to decide the right treatment option for the disease. The medical issue is nominal but can lead to severe symptoms if not treated correctly. The treatment of the disease involves simple lifestyle changes and medications.

FAQs

Q. What are haemorrhoids? A. Swelling of the veins and tissues of the lower rectum or anal area due to multiple digestive issues is known as haemorrhoids.

Q. How can haemorrhoids be diagnosed? A. Diagnosis of the disease may include steps such as going through the medical history of the patient, physical examination, anoscopy, and rigid proctosigmoidoscopy.

Reference Links

- https://www.narayanahealth.org/blog/hemorrhoids-causes-symptoms-and-advanced-treatment-options/
- https://www.niddk.nih.gov/health-information/digestive-diseases/hemorrhoids/diagnosis