Overview

Fatty liver disease, also known as hepatic steatosis, is a condition characterised by fat accumulation in the liver cells. It can be caused by factors such as obesity, alcohol abuse, or certain medications. If left untreated, it may progress to more severe conditions such as liver cirrhosis or liver failure. Early diagnosis and lifestyle modifications are key for management.

Types of Fatty Liver Disease

Alcohol-Induced Fatty Liver Disease- The medical condition happens due to the high consumption of alcohol. People who consume alcohol regularly in higher quantities are more prone to getting affected by liver disease. Prolonged alcohol abuse can lead to fat deposition in the liver, resulting in alcoholic fatty liver disease. It can progress to alcoholic hepatitis and cirrhosis if alcohol consumption continues.
NAFLD- Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease, also known as NAFLD, is a form of the disease which isn’t caused due to alcohol consumption. NAFLD is often associated with obesity, insulin resistance, metabolic syndrome, and other underlying health conditions such as type 2 diabetes and high cholesterol. It ranges from simple fatty liver, where fat accumulation is the primary concern, to non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), which involves liver inflammation and can progress to liver fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even liver cancer in severe cases.

Causes of Fatty Liver Disease

Mentioned below are some of the Fatty Liver Disease Causes that help to identify the root reason of the liver disease:

Obesity- Obesity is one of the significant reasons for NAFLD. Lack of exercise, lethargy, and absence of any physical activity in a day can lead to obesity. If the individual follows the same routine, the liver disease may lead to severe symptoms resulting in NAFLD.
Insulin Resistance- Insulin resistance or diabetes is another cause of liver disease. The reason is accounted for in the NAFLD form. The condition can also be associated with hyperinsulinemia in case of severe symptoms.
High Blood Pressure- High blood pressure can be caused due to multiple reasons, such as obesity, hypertension, and many other medical disorders. It can also cause the disease of the liver and is one of the forms of NAFLD. People with high cholesterol and high blood pressure are also prone to liver disorders, creating an obstacle to organ functioning.

Type 2 Diabetes: People with diabetes are more prone to developing fatty liver disease.

High Cholesterol or High Triglyceride Levels: Elevated levels of cholesterol or triglycerides in the blood can contribute to fat accumulation in the liver.
Rapid Weight Loss: Losing weight too quickly, especially through crash diets or rapid weight loss surgeries, can increase the risk of fatty liver disease.
Certain Medications: Some medications, such as corticosteroids, tamoxifen, and certain antiviral drugs, may contribute to developing fatty liver disease.

Symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease

Mentioned below are the symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease that help to identify the disease in the early stages to avoid severe damage:

Abdominal Pain- Abdominal pain is one of the symptoms of liver disease. The pain is usually observed in different types of liver issues. The affected individual feels a throbbing or aching pain in the upper portion of the belly. It hampers the daily routine functions of the affected individual.
Weight Loss- Sudden or abnormal weight loss is another symptom of liver disease. The affected individual lacks appetite and cannot absorb protein and other essential nutrients. The condition further advances to weakness, nausea, and fatigue in severe situations.
Jaundice- Jaundice is one of the most significant symptoms of liver disease. The medical issue leads to yellowing of the skin or pale skin. Excess consumption of alcohol or drugs can lead to the symptoms of the disease. It can also happen due to the build-up of fatty deposits in the liver, obstructing the functioning of the organ.
Swollen Abdomen- The incapability of the liver to digest protein and other nutrients can lead to a swollen abdomen. It is another symptom of the disease. The affected individual lacks appetite and feels full all the time. Abrupt stomach swelling is one of the identifiable symptoms of liver disease.
Swollen Feet- Improper liver functioning leads to a build-up of oedema in the body. It leads to symptoms such as swelling in the feet and ankles. In addition, the condition can damage the nerve resulting in extreme pain and numbness in the legs. Swollen feet and ankles are also identifiable symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease. 
Enlarged liver- In some cases, the liver may become enlarged, which can be detected during a physical examination by a healthcare professional.
Elevated liver enzymes- Blood tests may reveal elevated levels of liver enzymes, such as alanine transaminase (ALT) and aspartate transaminase (AST), indicating liver inflammation or damage.

Also Read - Fatty Liver Grade 1

Treatment Options for Fatty Liver Disease

Mentioned below are Fatty Liver Treatment options to lower the symptoms and get rid of the disease at the earliest possible time:

Lose Weight- Obesity is one of the most significant contributing factors to liver disease. Losing weight is one of the prime steps to eliminate the disease. It helps to step out of the obese circle and step into the healthy one. Slow and natural weight loss of about half to one kilogram a week is suggested to lower the symptoms of liver disease.
Avoid Alcohol- Lowering or avoiding alcohol is another significant step to eliminating the disease. The method also helps in getting rid of other medical issues caused due to high alcohol consumption. It also helps the individual to stay fit and active.
Balanced Diet- A balanced diet with the proper amount of protein and other essential nutrients also helps to recover from the disease. A healthy and planned diet helps to avoid the consumption of junk food. In addition, it helps to lower cholesterol and maintain triglyceride levels.
Regular exercise- Engaging in regular physical activity helps improve insulin sensitivity, promote weight loss, and enhance overall liver health. Aim for at least 150 minutes of moderate-intensity aerobic exercise per week, along with strength training exercises.
Diabetes control- Proper management of diabetes, if present, through medication, lifestyle changes, and regular monitoring of blood sugar levels is important.
Cholesterol and triglyceride control- Maintaining healthy cholesterol and triglyceride levels through lifestyle modifications and, if necessary, medication can help improve liver health.
Metabolic syndrome management- If metabolic syndrome is present, addressing each component (high blood pressure, obesity, high triglycerides, and high blood sugar) is crucial.

When to Consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Gastroenterology doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

Fatty Liver Disease is a medical condition in which the amount of fat increases in the liver to the required level. It can cause multiple health issues but can also be reversed with the help of small and positive lifestyle changes.

Also Read - Fatty Liver Stages

Frequently Asked Questions About Fatty Liver Disease

Q. What is Fatty Liver Disease?
A. Fatty Liver Disease is the accumulation of excess fat in the liver, damaging the functioning of the organ and leading to multiple health issues.

Q. What are the symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease?
A. Abdominal pain, jaundice, and swelling in the stomach and feet are common symptoms of Fatty Liver Disease.