What is Childhood Cancer?

Cancer is a word that sparks fear, especially when associated with children. However, thanks to medical advancements, childhood cancer is no longer a hopeless diagnosis. As a pediatric oncologist, I want to provide some clarity and hope regarding childhood cancer and the ongoing efforts to improve outcomes for young patients.

Incidence and common Types of Childhood Cancer

One million new cancers are diagnosed annually in India, and nearly 3% of these occur in children. The most common types include leukemia (Blood cancer), brain tumors, and lymphoma. Unlike adult cancers, which are often linked to lifestyle factors such as smoking or diet, childhood cancers are usually caused by random genetic mutations. This makes early detection particularly challenging, as there are few early warning signs.

Recognizing the Symptoms

Symptoms of childhood cancer vary depending on the type but often include unexplained weight loss, fatigue, persistent fever, unusual lumps or swelling, unexplained headache and vomiting. If your child experiences any of these symptoms for an extended period, it is essential to consult a doctor. Timely diagnosis is crucial for effective treatment.

Treatment

If a doctor suspects cancer, they may recommend a biopsy, imaging tests, or blood tests to confirm the diagnosis. Once identified, the cancer type and stage guide treatment, which often includes chemotherapy, surgery, radiation, or a combination of these. In some cases, targeted therapies or immunotherapies, which are designed to attack cancer cells more precisely, may be used. Multidisciplinary approach including a pediatric oncologist, pediatric surgeon, radiation oncologist, psychologist, trained nursing staff, nutritionist is crucial to deal with children with cancer. With increasing survivors of childhood cancers, it has been realized that it’s not only important to cure, but to cure with the least toxic protocols.

Improved Survival Rates and Treatments

Good news is that survival rates have improved significantly in recent decades. Today, nearly 85% of children diagnosed with cancer in high-income countries survive five years or more. However, survival rates can be lower in low- and middle-income countries due to limited access to healthcare.

Hope for the Future

While the journey through childhood cancer is never easy, it is filled with hope. With continued research, compassionate care, and early intervention, we are making strides toward a future where more children not only survive but thrive.