Epispadias: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Q: How is epispadias diagnosed?

Diagnosing epispadias involves a combination of physical examination, reviewing medical history, and imaging tests. Specialised medical imaging, such as ultrasound, may be used to assess the urinary tract and surrounding structures.

Q: What are the symptoms of epispadias?

Distinctive symptoms often include malformed urethra, urinary leakage, and abnormal genital appearance. In males, an upwardly curved penis may be seen. In females, separated labia and a protruding clitoris are common indicators. Additional symptoms encompass urinary tract infections and, occasionally, problems associated with bladder exstrophy.

Q: How is epispadias treated?

The primary treatment for epispadias is surgical intervention. The goal of surgery is to reconstruct the urethra and surrounding tissues to allow for normal urination and, in males, sexual function. Surgery is often performed in early childhood, but the timing may vary depending on the individual case.

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Epispadias: Causes, Symptoms, Diagnosis and Treatment Options

Frequently Asked Questions

What causes epispadias?

The exact cause of epispadias is not always clear, but it is believed to be related to genetic factors and potential environmental influences during pregnancy. Certain medications or substances taken during pregnancy may also increase the risk.