Bone marrow contains stem cells which can develop into any form of blood cell. It is present as soft tissue within bones. In cases where a patient’s bone marrow can no longer produce new blood cells, bone marrow transplant therapy is advised.

While bone marrow donation is a bit more complicated than blood donation, there is in fact nothing to be frightened about. For patients affected with leukaemia, lymphoma and severe anaemia, it is a life-saving procedure. Hence, it’s a noble move to donate stem cells which can help someone and can save life.

Potential donors, however, often have concerns about their eligibility, the procedure itself and its effects on their health. Myths and misconceptions about stem cell donation abound, which can act as a deterrent to potential donors.

The Transplant Procedure

Stem cells are collected from a donor and transplanted into a patient in need. The method of collection depends on the patient’s condition and medical advice.

Peripheral Blood Stem Cell (PBSC) Donation – Stem cells are collected from the bloodstream in a process similar to blood donation.
Bone Marrow Harvest – Stem cells are collected directly from the pelvic bone under anaesthesia.

Common myths vs facts about bone marrow transplants

Myth: The process is extremely painful.
Fact: Modern medical care ensures minimal discomfort and donor safety.
Myth: Only perfectly healthy individuals can donate.
Fact: Eligibility is determined after proper medical evaluation.
Myth: Only family members can donate.
Fact: Unrelated donors can also be a suitable match based on HLA compatibility.
Myth: Blood group must match.
Fact: Matching is based on HLA markers, not blood type.
Myth: Donation causes long-term health problems.
Fact: Bone marrow regenerates naturally, and most donors recover quickly.
Myth: Only young adults can donate.
Fact: Individuals between 18 and 60 years may be eligible to register.