Overview

Bunions, also known as hallux valgus, are bony protrusions at the base of the big toe joint. They develop when the big toe pushes against the adjacent toe, causing the joint to enlarge and the big toe to deviate towards the other toes. Bunions can be painful and lead to foot deformities.

Bunions can be painful and visually concerning, often causing discomfort and difficulty finding correctly fitting footwear. As the significant toe shifts towards the other toes, it can lead to inflammation, redness, and soreness around the affected joint. In severe cases, bunions can also cause limited mobility and alter the overall structure of the foot. Fortunately, various treatment options are available, from conservative measures such as wearing comfortable shoes and using orthotic inserts to more invasive interventions such as surgical correction.

[caption id="attachment_23103" align="alignnone" width="1000"] 3d illustration to explain hallux valgus[/caption]

What Causes Bunions?

Let’s check out the causes of bunions in detail.

- Genetics. Genetics plays a significant role in the development of bunions. If any parents or grandparents had bunions, they may be more likely to develop in future generations.
- Incorrect Footwear. Tight, narrow shoes or high heels can contribute to the development of bunions.
- Incorrect Foot Shape. Certain foot shapes and structures can make a person more susceptible to developing bunions. For example, those with flat feet or a low arch are more prone to bunions.
- Medical Conditions. Conditions such as rheumatoid arthritis can increase the risk of developing bunions.
- Injury to the Foot. In some cases, trauma or injury to the foot can lead to the development of a bunion. This may involve direct impact or repeated stress on the joint.

[caption id="attachment_23104" align="alignnone" width="1000"] Different stages of a bunion[/caption]

Symptoms of Bunions

The symptoms of bunions can vary from person to person, but common signs include:

- Bony Lump: A noticeable bump at the base of the big toe joint.
- Toe Deviation: The big toe may deviate towards the other toes, causing it to point outward.
- Pain: Bunions can be painful, especially when walking, wearing tight shoes, or applying pressure to the affected area.
- Inflammation: The bunion area may appear red, swollen, and tender.
- Corns and Calluses: Due to friction and pressure from footwear, corns and calluses may form on or between the toes.
- Limited Mobility: Bunions can restrict the movement of the big toe, making it difficult to bend or flex it fully.
- Foot Deformity: In severe cases, bunions can lead to foot deformities and affect the alignment of other toes.

Treatment Options For Bunions

Treatment options include both ways - Non-surgical and Surgical treatments. Let’s check more information in detail.

Non-Surgical Treatments

- Changes in footwear: Wearing shoes with a wider toe box and lower heels can help alleviate pressure on the bunion.
- Padding and splinting: Pads or splints can help cushion the bunion and align the joint.
- Orthotics: Custom-made shoe inserts can provide additional support and help distribute pressure evenly.
- Physical therapy: Specific exercises can improve the strength and flexibility of the toes and foot muscles.
- Pain relief: Over-the-counter pain medications or topical treatments may be recommended to manage discomfort.

Surgical Options

When conservative treatments fail to provide relief, surgery may be considered. There are several surgical procedures for bunions, including:

- Bunionectomy: This involves removing the bony protrusion and realigning the joint.
- Osteotomy: The surgeon may cut and reposition the bone to correct the alignment.
- Arthrodesis: In severe cases, fusing the joint may be necessary.
- Resection arthroplasty: This procedure involves removing a portion of the joint.
- Tendon and ligament repair: In some cases, tendons and ligaments around the big toe may need to be adjusted.

When to Consult a Doctor

You can also get in touch with the expert Ortho doctors at Narayana Healthcare based in your city to get immediate attention and medical support during injuries, health disorders or any other health concern.

Conclusion

In more severe cases, untreated bunions can lead to secondary issues such as hammertoes, calluses, and even arthritis. Addressing bunions immediately and exploring appropriate treatment options is crucial to reducing these impacts and improving the overall quality of life for individuals affected by this common foot condition.

References

- https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-conditions/bunions/symptoms-causes/syc-20354799
- https://my.clevelandclinic.org/health/diseases/14386-bunions-hallux-valgus