The brachial Plexus injury refers to damage to the network of nerves that sends signals from the spinal cord to the shoulder, arm and hands. This injury takes place when the nerves are squeezed or stretched, and in some cases, nerves are ripped apart from the spinal cord. There are different causes of Brachial Plexus Injury, in this blog we will analyse the various symptoms, causes and treatment methods available for this medical condition.

Table of Contents

Symptoms of Brachial Plexus Injury
Different Causes of Brachial Plexus Injury
Treatment Options available
Did You Know
Conclusion
Whom to Consult
Frequently Asked Questions about Brachial Plexus Injury

Symptoms of Brachial Plexus Injury

Weakness or numbness in the arm: The affected arm may feel weak or difficult to control, and there may be a lack of sensation in parts of the arm, hand, or fingers.
Loss of movement: Depending on the extent of the injury, there can be partial or complete paralysis of the shoulder, arm, or hand, making it hard to perform basic tasks.
Pain or discomfort: People often experience sharp or burning pain in the affected area. This pain can vary in intensity, sometimes being severe.
Limp or hanging arm: In severe cases, the arm may hang limply due to nerve damage, which affects the ability to lift or move the arm.
Muscle atrophy: Over time, the muscles of the arm or hand may shrink if the nerve damage isn't repaired, leading to reduced muscle mass and strength.

Different Causes of Brachial Plexus Injury

Traumatic Injuries: Car or motorcycle accidents can cause severe nerve damage through impact or overstretching of the arm.
Sports-Related Injuries: Contact sports like football or wrestling can lead to nerve damage due to blows or stretching of the shoulder or neck.
Birth-Related Injuries: Difficult deliveries, especially with shoulder dystocia, can overstretch or tear the brachial plexus in newborns.
Tumours: Abnormal growths near the brachial plexus can compress or damage the nerves.
Radiation Therapy: Cancer treatment involving radiation to the chest or neck can lead to nerve damage over time.
Penetrating Injuries: Gunshot or stab wounds to the shoulder or neck can cause direct nerve damage.
Inflammatory Conditions: Disorders like Parsonage-Turner syndrome cause inflammation and nerve damage, leading to pain and weakness.
Prolonged Compression: Sustained pressure from heavy backpacks or awkward positions can compress the nerves.
Surgical Complications: Nerves may be damaged during surgeries involving the neck, shoulder, or chest.
Falls: Falls that overstretch the arm or shoulder can cause nerve injury, especially in older adults.

Treatment Options Available for Brachial Plexus Injury

Physical Therapy: Exercises to maintain strength and flexibility.
Medications: Pain relief using NSAIDs or prescriptions.
Surgery: Nerve grafts, nerve transfers, or muscle transfers to repair damage.
Nerve Grafts: Using other body nerves to repair damaged ones.
Nerve Transfers: Transferring functioning nerves to restore movement.
Muscle Transfers: Moving muscles to regain lost function.
Occupational Therapy: Adapting to daily tasks with limitations.
Pain Management: Long-term pain relief strategies.
Braces or Splints: Support devices to stabilise the arm.
Electrical Stimulation: Preventing muscle atrophy while healing.

Did You Know

The brachial plexus is formed by nerve roots from the C5-T1 vertebrae, making it essential for arm and hand movement.
Brachial plexus injuries can affect people of all ages, but they are most common in newborns and young adults.
Erb’s Palsy is the most common type of brachial plexus injury in infants, affecting around 1-2 babies per 1,000 births.

Myths & Facts about Brachial Plexus Injury

Myth 1: Brachial Plexus Injuries Only Happen During Birth
Fact: While brachial plexus injuries are commonly associated with birth complications, they can occur at any age due to various causes. Adults may experience these injuries from trauma such as car accidents, sports injuries, or falls. This condition can affect anyone, regardless of age or circumstance, therefore, it is crucial for broadening awareness and improving care.

Myth 2: Surgery Is the Only Treatment Option
Fact: Not all brachial plexus injuries require surgery. Depending on the severity and location of the nerve damage, non-surgical treatments like physical therapy, occupational therapy, and nerve stimulation can be highly effective. Surgery is typically considered for severe cases, but many patients recover with conservative treatment methods.

Conclusion

Brachial plexus injuries can result from various causes, including trauma, sports injuries, and birth complications, leading to symptoms like weakness, pain, and loss of movement in the arm or hand. Timely recognition of these symptoms is crucial for effective treatment, which may range from physical therapy and medications to more invasive interventions like surgery, nerve grafts, or transfers.

With proper care, many individuals can recover significant function, though severe cases may require long-term rehabilitation. Early diagnosis and personalised treatment plans offer the best chance for improved outcomes and quality of life.

Whom to Consult

Concerned about a brachial plexus injury? Schedule a consultation today with our specialised orthopaedic team and receive expert guidance on effective treatment options, rehabilitation techniques, and personalised recovery plans tailored to your specific needs.

Don’t Delay-- Call us @ 08068617735

Frequently Asked Questions about Brachial Plexus Injury

Q. What causes a brachial plexus injury?
A. Brachial plexus injury occurs due to trauma, stretching, or pressure on the nerves, often from accidents or childbirth.

Q. How to manage brachial plexus injury?
A. Management includes physical therapy, pain relief, nerve repair surgeries, and sometimes splints for support.

Q. What are the limitations of a brachial plexus injury?
A. Limitations may include weakness, loss of movement, or numbness in the shoulder, arm, or hand.

Q. What splints are used in brachial plexus injury?
A. Splints such as wrist supports, shoulder stabilisers, and elbow braces help maintain joint position and prevent stiffness.